Role of Nano-miRNAs in Diagnostics and Therapeutics

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNA) are key regulators of gene expression, controlling different biological processes such as cellular development, differentiation, proliferation, metabolism, and apoptosis. The relationships between miRNA expression and the onset and progression of different diseases, such as tumours, cardiovascular and rheumatic diseases, and neurological disorders, are well known. A nanotechnology-based approach could match miRNA delivery and detection to move beyond the proof-of-concept stage. Different kinds of nanotechnologies can have a major impact on the diagnosis and treatment of miRNA-related diseases such as cancer. Developing novel methodologies aimed at clinical practice represents a big challenge for the early diagnosis of specific diseases. Within this context, nanotechnology represents a wide emerging area at the forefront of research over the last two decades, whose potential has yet to be fully attained. Nanomedicine, derived from nanotechnology, can exploit the unique properties of nanometer-sized particles for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Through nanomedicine, specific treatment to counteract only cancer-cell proliferation will be improved, while leaving healthy cells intact. In this review, we dissect the properties of different nanocarriers and their roles in the early detection and treatment of cancer.

Bacteria trapping effectivity on nanofibre membrane in liquids is exponentially dependent on the surface density

“…Nanofibre membranes are characterized by an exceptionally high surface-to-volume ratio with an extremely high number of pores. These properties favour nanofibre membranes for broad medical applications and for the production of medical devices, as recently demonstrated, e.g., for wound dressing, drug delivery, and biological sensing (Kenry and Lim 2017;Haider et al 2018;Bocková et al 2022;Coradduzza et al 2022;. The high density of the tiny pores and the ability to adjust their diameter also favour nanofibres for their application as highly effective liquid filters (Qin and Wang 2006;Sahto 2021;Zhou et al 2022).…”

Recent Advancements in the Formulation of Nanomaterials-Based Nanozymes, Their Catalytic Activity, and Biomedical Applications

“…Furthermore, a heteroplasmonic nanostructure designed by the sequence-based specific identification of miR-107 targets induces the self-assembly of AuNPs and nanocuboids, resulting in an inherent peroxidase-like catalytic activity of AuNPs. 120 This technique can effectively identify the miR-107 gene present in prostate cancer patients by the application of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). 121 Researchers have also gained an immense interest in the field of H 2 O 2 -based biosensing, as it has emerged as an excellent ROS that is formed as a result of oxygen reduction.…”

“…FA-GO-AuNCs displayed peroxidase activity in a wide pH range, thus overcoming the peroxidase-like activity of free AuNCs under restricted pH conditions. Furthermore, a heteroplasmonic nanostructure designed by the sequence-based specific identification of miR-107 targets induces the self-assembly of AuNPs and nanocuboids, resulting in an inherent peroxidase-like catalytic activity of AuNPs . This technique can effectively identify the miR-107 gene present in prostate cancer patients by the application of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) .…”

The bidirectional interplay between ncRNAs and methylation modifications in gastrointestinal tumors

“…In recent years, with the continuous exploration of molecular biology, targeted therapies targeting specific genes and cells have been developed. Among them, the delivery of siRNA to tumor cells through nanomaterials has become a promising approach for cancer therapy 137 . Du et al demonstrated that delivery of circMDK siRNA via poly (β-amino esters) (PAEs) to a liver cancer model could effectively inhibit tumor progression.…”