Role of pulmonary function testing in inflammatory bowel diseases (Review)

Georgakopoulou, Vasiliki; Tarantinos, Kyriakos; Papalexis, Petros; Spandidos, Demetrios A.; Damaskos, Christos; Gkoufa, Aikaterini; Chlapoutakis, Serafeim; Sklapani, Pagona; Trakas, Nikolaos; Mermigkis, Dimitrios

doi:10.3892/mi.2022.50

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Remarkably, only 43% of patients with active IBD had respiratory symptoms, measured with a positive Medical Research Council dyspnea score (five-graded clinical symptom score). Diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO)-impaired values are the most common finding in the PFTs of IBD patients [73]. Reduced DLCO values have been described in IBD patients [70,[74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82], with some studies associating lung involvement with IBD activity [70,[74][75][76]78,81,82].…”

Section: Subclinical Pulmonary Dysfunction In Ibdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung Involvement in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Shared Pathways and Unwanted Connections

Cavalli,

Gabbiadini,

Dal Buono

et al. 2023

JCM

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Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic, relapsing inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, frequently associated with extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) that can severely affect IBD patients’ quality of life, sometimes even becoming life-threatening. Respiratory diseases have always been considered a rare and subsequently neglected extraintestinal manifestations of IBD. However, increasing evidence has demonstrated that respiratory involvement is frequent in IBD patients, even in the absence of respiratory symptoms. Airway inflammation is the most common milieu of IBD-related involvement, with bronchiectasis being the most common manifestation. Furthermore, significant differences in prevalence and types of involvement are present between Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. The same embryological origin of respiratory and gastrointestinal tissue, in addition to exposure to common antigens and cytokine networks, may all play a potential role in the respiratory involvement. Furthermore, other causes such as drug-related toxicity and infections must always be considered. This article aims at reviewing the current evidence on the association between IBD and respiratory diseases. The purpose is to raise awareness of respiratory manifestation among IBD specialists and emphasize the need for identifying respiratory diseases in early stages to promptly treat these conditions, avoid worsening morbidity, and prevent lung damage.

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Section: Subclinical Pulmonary Dysfunction In Ibdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung Involvement in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Shared Pathways and Unwanted Connections

Cavalli,

Gabbiadini,

Dal Buono

et al. 2023

JCM

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“…These abnormalities may indicate the presence of a subclinical inflammatory state, even in the absence of symptoms. However, evidence regarding the association of pulmonary function tests (PFTs) with disease activity remains controversial [4]. Some reports have indicated that these abnormalities also persist and have been observed during clinical remission of the disease, suggesting a latent subclinical inflammatory reaction [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung Involvement in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis: Relationship between Exhaled Nitric Oxide and Lung Function

Ragnoli,

Cena,

Pochetti

et al. 2024

JCM

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Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by immune system dysregulation with frequent extraintestinal manifestations, including airway involvement. A reduction in CO diffusing capacity and functional alterations in small airways have been described. An extended analysis of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) may distinguish the sites of production, and the presence of small airway inflammation may be a useful, non-invasive marker for patient follow-up. The aim of our study was to compare the PFTs as well as FeNO and CANO values of UC patients with different clinical disease activities and healthy subjects to reveal lung function abnormalities and the presence of subclinical airway inflammation. We enrolled 42 adult outpatients at different clinical activity stages of UC (39 ± 13 years) and a healthy control group of 41 subjects (29 ± 3 years). C-reactive protein (CRP) and FeNO values at different flows (50,100, and 200 mL/s) were collected. All patients performed pulmonary function tests (PFTs) with static volumes and diffusing capacity (DLCO). FeNO and CANO values were significantly increased in UC patients when compared with controls (p = 0.0008 and p < 0.0001, respectively) and were proportional to disease activity (FeNO class 3: 28.1 ppb vs. classes 1–2: 7.7 ppb; CANO values class 3: 8.6 ppb vs. classes 1–2: 2.7 ppb (p < 0.0001)). TLC and DLCO were significantly reduced in severe (Mayo 3) UC patients (p = 0.010 and p = 0.003, respectively). The results of this study show significant lung functional abnormalities in UC patients and suggest the presence of airway inflammation directly correlated with disease activity, suggesting the need for an integrated approach in routine assessment.

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“…They provide vital information regarding the function of the large and small airways, the lung parenchyma, as well as the size and integrity of the pulmonary capillary bed. Although they do not provide a diagnosis in and of themselves, diverse patterns of anomalies are detected in various respiratory disorders, which aid in diagnosis ( 9 , 10 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary function testing in patients with liver cirrhosis (Review)

Georgakopoulou

Asimakopoulou

2023

Med Int

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Liver cirrhosis is a common long-term outcome of chronic hepatic inflammation. Patients with liver cirrhosis may also have pulmonary complications. There are several reasons for pulmonary dysfunction in liver cirrhosis, including intrinsic cardiopulmonary dysfunction unrelated to liver disease and specific disorders related to the presence of liver cirrhosis and/or portal hypertension. The most prevalent and clinically significant pulmonary complications are hepatic hydrothorax, hepatopulmonary syndrome, spontaneous pulmonary empyema and portopulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) have traditionally been used to assess the lung function of patients with liver cirrhosis. To the best of our knowledge, the present review is the first to detail all types of PFTs performed in patients with liver cirrhosis and discuss their clinical significance. Patients with liver cirrhosis have reduced values of spirometric parameters, diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO), lung volumes, maximal inspiratory pressure and maximal expiratory pressure. Furthermore, they have a higher closing volume, a greater airway occlusion pressure 0.1 sec after the onset of inspiratory flow and greater exhaled nitric oxide values. In order to improve pulmonary function, patients with ascites may require therapeutic paracentesis. Such findings should be considered when evaluating individuals with liver disease, particularly those who may require surgery. Poor lung function, particularly restrictive lung disease, can have an impact on post-transplant outcomes, such as ventilator time, length of hospital duration and post-operative pulmonary complications; thus, the transplant care team needs to be aware of its prevalence and relevance.

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Role of pulmonary function testing in inflammatory bowel diseases (Review)

Cited by 4 publications

References 60 publications

Lung Involvement in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Shared Pathways and Unwanted Connections

Lung Involvement in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Shared Pathways and Unwanted Connections

Lung Involvement in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis: Relationship between Exhaled Nitric Oxide and Lung Function

Pulmonary function testing in patients with liver cirrhosis (Review)

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