Role of regulatory capacity in the animal and human health systems in driving response to zoonotic disease outbreaks in the Mekong region

McPake, Barbara; Gilbert, Katherine; Vong, Sreytouch; Ros, Bandeth; Phalmony, Has; Tuan, Khuong Anh; Pham-Duc, Phuc; Cuong, Hoang Quoc; Nguyen, Hai Duc; Siengsounthone, Latsamy; Luangphaxay, Chanthaly; Annear, Peter Leslie; McKinley, Justin D.

doi:10.1016/j.onehlt.2022.100369

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…A focus on workforce planning and practical activities may provide possible avenues that support network capacity, capability, and co-ordination. Such efforts previously, have led to ongoing collaborative approaches for avian influenza and other zoonotic diseases [ 18 , 23 ]. The experience of staff overload and call for feasible activities described in this study should be heeded.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One Health and the closely related Ecohealth approaches have been applied in the Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR) for multiple decades [ 8 ]. This has included successful discrete projects on pandemic threats, zoonotic pathogens, antimicrobial resistance and more [ [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] , [23] ]. These successes have involved a network of organisations and relationships whose structure and experiences have yet to be investigated and learnt from.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These successes have involved a network of organisations and relationships whose structure and experiences have yet to be investigated and learnt from. One Health networks have been the subject of extensive research in recent years [ 24 , 25 ] though few studies have focussed on the experience of operationalising One Health in southeast Asia [ 23 , [26] , [27] , [28] ]. This paper aims to describe the One Health organisational network in Lao PDR and investigate why the network is structured the way it is and what changes might strengthen or help to scale up One Health approaches in the future.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scaling up One Health: A network analysis in Lao PDR

Larkins,

Vannamahaxay,

Puttana

et al. 2024

One Health

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scaling up One Health: A network analysis in Lao PDR

Larkins,

Vannamahaxay,

Puttana

et al. 2024

One Health

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“…Still, specific mechanisms for responding to zoonotic disease were weak, as coordination was ineffective or information sharing was not timely. The animal and human health sectors are not equally resourced, with the animal health sector lacking in terms of surveillance and laboratory systems and human and financial resources ( 26 ). Nevertheless, standard operating procedures (SOPs) for responding to specific zoonotic diseases exist in Laos, and training events and exercises have been conducted at national and sub-national levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field epidemiology capacity of the national veterinary services of Lao PDR: An online survey

et al. 2023

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IntroductionCapacity in veterinary epidemiology is critical to detect, respond and control infectious diseases. Laos veterinary service is limited by having only a small number of veterinarians who graduated from overseas. Animal science graduates support the majority of the Laos veterinary services. The veterinary program was established in 2009 at the National University of Laos. We aimed to understand the national veterinary epidemiology capacity and identify gaps and training needs.MethodA cross-sectional online study was conducted in 2021 targeting central (DLF), provincial (PAFO) and district (DAFO) government animal health officers and veterinary/animal science academics (n = 332). The questionnaire addressed skills, experiences and perceived training needs in outbreak investigation, disease surveillance, data management and analysis, epidemiological surveys, One Health, leadership and communication and biosecurity. A descriptive analysis was performed and associations between demographic factors and epidemiological skills were examined.Results and discussionIn total, 205 respondents completed the questionnaire (61.8% response rate). Respondents reported low or no skills and experience in data management and analysis, epidemiological surveys and One Health. In contrast, higher but limited skills and experiences were reported in outbreak investigation, disease surveillance and biosecurity. Previous epidemiology training was primarily associated with stronger experiences in veterinary epidemiology competencies, followed by respondents that had completed a veterinary degree, highlighting the value of the currently available epidemiology training and veterinary-trained personnel in Lao PDR. This study could help inform the Laos government in its policy planning for field veterinary epidemiology capacity and future training.

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“…An IHR-PVS Pathway National Bridging Workshop program has been launched by WHO and OIE for this purpose, however, Vietnam is yet to participate. The successful collaboration between human health and animal health sectors are likely to depend on better resourcing in the animal health sector, increasing local ownership of the agenda, and ensuring that both sectors can use the full range of regulatory strategies available to achieve objectives [33]. By using level of experience as a proxy indicator for capacity of field veterinarians, our study was able to identify factors associated with higher levels of experience in One Health.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Capacity and needs assessment of veterinary services in Vietnam in biosecurity, biosafety and One Health

Auplish,

Vu,

Pham Duc

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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The Asia-Pacific region is recognised as an epicentre of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs), of which 75% are zoonotic in nature. Vietnam is recognised as a potential hotspot for zoonotic EIDs. There is a growing recognition that progress towards global health security requires greater focus on collaboration between the human health and animal health sectors to control diseases at their animal source and prevent against human health impacts. Assessment of veterinary epidemiology capacity in Vietnam is paramount to strengthening the health security of Asia-Pacific. This study aims to evaluate the national capacity and needs of veterinary services in Vietnam in biosecurity, biosafety and One Health. A cross-sectional, convergent mixed-methods study was conducted between November 2020 and April 2021. An online questionnaire was administered to government-employed field veterinarians. Descriptive analyses and logistic regression models were performed using survey responses to understand capacity in the field. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted with stakeholders in veterinary services including government, academia, research institutes, non-profit and international organisations. Coding and thematic analysis using a deductive approach was used for data collected from interviews to contextualise findings from the survey and understand institutional capacity. In total, 178 field veterinarians completed the online survey and 25 stakeholders were interviewed. The majority of participants had reported receiving training in biosecurity and biosafety, including use of personal protective equipment. Most respondents reported practicing good biosecurity measures (92%) and good biosafety measures (88%). Physical and socioeconomic barriers to practicing biosecurity were reported to be prevalent for smallholder farmers, which may suggest a gap in the capacity of veterinary services to provide cost-effective and practical biosecurity strategies. Seventy five percent of participants had never or rarely participated in One Health approaches in the field in the last 12 months and 69% reported further training as a high priority. There was a knowledge gap reported amongst district and commune-level veterinary staff about the need for, and awareness of multisectoral collaboration. Respondents that completed postgraduate qualifications in epidemiology or Field Epidemiology Training Programs (adjusted OR: 3.06; 95% CI: 1.01, 9.23, p = 0.046) and had longer job tenure between 10–12 years (OR: 10.38; 95% CI: 3.06, 35.15, p = <0.001) were more likely to have higher levels of experience in One Health. This study identified gaps in knowledge, attitudes and adoption of practices related to biosecurity, biosafety and One Health specifically in lower-level or less experienced veterinary staff without further training opportunities in epidemiology. These findings enable prioritisation of training, policy, and planning activities to further enhance the national capacity of veterinary services in Vietnam.

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Role of regulatory capacity in the animal and human health systems in driving response to zoonotic disease outbreaks in the Mekong region

Cited by 5 publications

References 26 publications

Scaling up One Health: A network analysis in Lao PDR

Scaling up One Health: A network analysis in Lao PDR

Field epidemiology capacity of the national veterinary services of Lao PDR: An online survey

Capacity and needs assessment of veterinary services in Vietnam in biosecurity, biosafety and One Health

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