Role of Spraying Hatching Eggs With Natural Disinfectants on Hatching Characteristics

Acetic acid, vinegar, and citric acid as washing materials for cuticle removal to improve hatching performance of quail eggs

“…Furthermore, microbial activity in acid-dipping treatments significantly decreased than 3 controlled treatments over the incubation period except AA2 treatment ( P < 0.05). The ideal environment for the embryo development is the same needed for microorganism multiplication ( Shahein and Khalifa, 2014 ); the increase of the total surface flora was consistent with previous study that the microbial activity on the shell surface would increase during incubation period for eggs without any treatment as in CND or CWD treatment ( Aygun et al., 2012 ). Different weak acids and concentrations can have very different antimicrobial effects on bacteria ( Salmond et al., 1984 , Roe et al., 1998 , Hirshfield et al., 2003 ).…”

“…These results were in agreement with that chick weight was primarily determined by initial egg weight and was secondarily determined by weight loss during incubation ( Marks, 1975 , Khurshid et al., 2004 , Grzegrzka and Gruszczynska, 2019 ). These results were also supported that decreased egg weight loss during incubation could increase chick weight ( Peebles et al., 1987 , Shahein and Khalifa, 2014 ). Before hatching, absorption of the yolk sac into the abdomen of the embryo provides nutrients for the chicks during the first few days of life that the chick weight is a combination of the real chick weight and the remaining yolk residual ( Ipek and Sozcu, 2014 ).…”

“…It was noted that treating with 2% AA or 0.13% sodium hypochlorite for 8 min could not effectively disinfect microorganisms that occurred on eggshell as residual microorganisms on shell surface would multiply during incubation. Sanitation is essential in successful hatching egg production, effective sanitizing of hatching eggs can diminish the microbial load on the shell surface and then increase hatchability and ensure the production of high quality chicks ( Sacco et al., 1989 , Cox et al., 1994 , Shahein and Khalifa, 2014 ).…”

“…The results of microbial activity showed that the solutions used for egg washing could diminish the microbial load on the shell surface and then reduce microbial infections. Decrease of egg weight loss during the incubation period could contribute in increasing hatchability to some extent ( Aygun et al., 2012 , Shahein and Khalifa, 2014 ), although results of egg weight loss suggested that the conductance to respiratory gases decreased after acid dipping, but rapid water loss during incubation is disadvantageous for the normal embryonic development ( Mcdaniel et al., 1979 , Board, 1982 , Geng and Wang, 1990 ). An alternative explanation is that cuticle removal and decreased eggshell thickness by acid-treated hatching eggs may promote the heat exchange between quail embryos and the incubator.…”

Effect of Formaldehyde Treatment on Bacteria-Infected Hatching Eggs of Gallus gallus domesticus Linnaeus, 1758

“…Although, formaldehyde disinfection of eggs is reported to improve upon hatchability (Shahein & Sedeek, 2014) in line with the findings of this study, many other factors are important. Fertility and hatchability of poultry eggs are influenced by many factors including diet (Brillard, 2007;Javanka et al, 2010), egg factors such as weight, shell thickness and porosity, shape index and the consistency of the content (Narushin & Romanov, 2002), hen age (Insko et al, 1947;Alsobayel, 1992) and optimum cock to hen ratio (King'Ori, 2011).…”