Role of Structural Factors in the Nonlinear Optical Properties of Phthalocyanines and Related Compounds

Torre, Gema de la; Vázquez, Purificación; Agulló‐López, F.; Torres, Tomás

doi:10.1021/cr030206t

Cited by 1,072 publications

(423 citation statements)

References 265 publications

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“…3. 3 Here S stands for singlet states with the suffix 0 for ground state and 1 and 2 for first and second electronic excited states. 's are the absorption cross sections.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral dependence of third order nonlinear optical susceptibility of zinc phthalocyanine

Santhi¹,

Namboodiri²,

Radhakrishnan³

et al. 2006

Journal of Applied Physics

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Wavelength dependence of saturable absorption ͑SA͒ and reverse saturable absorption ͑RSA͒ of zinc phthalocyanine was studied using 10 Hz, 8 ns pulses from a tunable laser, in the wavelength range of 520-686 nm, which includes the rising edge of the Q band in the electronic absorption spectrum. The nonlinear response is wavelength dependent and switching from RSA to SA has been observed as the excitation wavelength changes from the low absorption window region to higher absorption regime near the Q band. The SA again changes back to RSA when we further move over to the infrared region. Values of the imaginary part of third order susceptibility are calculated for various wavelengths in this range. This study is important in identifying the spectral range over which the nonlinear material acts as RSA based optical limiter.

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“…3. 3 Here S stands for singlet states with the suffix 0 for ground state and 1 and 2 for first and second electronic excited states. 's are the absorption cross sections.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral dependence of third order nonlinear optical susceptibility of zinc phthalocyanine

Santhi¹,

Namboodiri²,

Radhakrishnan³

et al. 2006

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…ISC rates for PPd 3 and PPt 3 are slower than those for the corresponding PPd 2 and PPt 2 species, indicating that S 1 -to-T 1 conversion rate constants may continue to diminish with increasing conjugation length. This effect has been verified in benchmark PZn n compounds as a function of conjugation length; for example, the measured ISC rate for PZn 5 is so small relative to the corresponding radiative and internal conversion rate constants that its excited triplet state remains virtually unpopulated following S 0 f S 1 excitation. 54 Because the heavy-atom-derived ISC rates in PPd n and PPt n species are much faster than the intrinsic 59,66,87,88 porphyrin nonradiative decay processes, ISC quantum yields approach unity, even for the PPd 3 and PPt 3 derivatives; T 1 f T n excited-state absorptions are intense in comparison to those of their PZn n analogs at 500 ps < t delay < 50 µs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…The additional requirements of a long excited-state lifetime, high resistance to degradative photochemistry, and large magnitude nonlinear optical (NLO) response have made identification of OPL candidates based on RSA for the NIR difficult. In contrast, a wide variety of optical limiting materials based upon phthalocyanine, [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] porphyrin, [12][13][14] fullerene, [15][16][17][18][19][20] carbon nanotube, 9,[21][22][23][24][25] nanoparticle, [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] and other [35][36][37][38][39][40] motifs have been identified for the visible spectral region. The limited number of potential NIR OPL materials 39,[41][42][43][44][45][46][47]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excitation of Highly Conjugated (Porphinato)palladium(II) and (Porphinato)platinum(II) Oligomers Produces Long-Lived, Triplet States at Unit Quantum Yield That Absorb Strongly over Broad Spectral Domains of the NIR

et al. 2010

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Transient dynamical studies of bis [(5,5′-10,20-bis(2,6-bis(3,3-dimethylbutoxy)phenyl)porphinato)palladium(II)] ethyne (PPd 2 ), 5,15-bis{ [(5′-10,20-bis(2,6-bis(3,3-dimethylbutoxy)phenyl)porphinato)palladium(II)]ethynyl}(10,20-bis(2,6-bis(3,3-dimethylbutoxy)phenyl)porphinato)palladium(II) (PPd 3 ), bis [(5,5′-10,20-bis(2,6-bis(3,3-dimethylbutoxy)phenyl)porphinato)platinum(II)]ethyne (PPt 2 ), and 5,15-bis{[(5′-10,20-bis(2,6-bis(3,3-dimethylbutoxy)phenyl)porphinato)platinum(II)]ethynyl}(10,20-bis(2,6-bis(3,3-dimethylbutoxy)phenyl)porphinato)platinum(II) (PPt 3 ) show that the electronically excited triplet states of these highly conjugated supermolecular chromophores can be produced at unit quantum yield via fast S 1 f T 1 intersystem crossing dynamics (τ isc : 5.2-49.4 ps). These species manifest high oscillator strength T 1 f T n transitions over broad NIR spectral windows. The facts that (i) the electronically excited triplet lifetimes of these PPd n and PPt n chromophores are long, ranging from 5 to 50 µs, and (ii) the ground and electronically excited absorptive manifolds of these multipigment ensembles can be extensively modulated over broad spectral domains indicate that these structures define a new precedent for conjugated materials featuring low-lying π-π* electronically excited states for NIR optical limiting and related long-wavelength nonlinear optical (NLO) applications.

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“…They are thus important in the area of organic materials development, building on their successfully established applications as charge carriers in photocopiers, 1 as dyes in laser/LED printing 2 and as laser light absorbers for optical data storage in certain CD-ROMs. 3 Other Pcs show promise for exploitation in organic based solar cells 4 and their photoexcited state properties, tunable by structure variation, has provided materials suitable for optical limiting 5 and, in health care, as singlet oxygen photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy of particular cancers. 6 In a developing area, a number of Pcs that exhibit liquid crystal properties show enhanced semiconducting behaviour in the temperature range where the liquid crystal state (mesophase) occurs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and synthesis of liquid crystalline phthalocyanines: combinations of substituents that promote the discotic nematic mesophase

et al. 2015

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Graphical AbstractDesign and synthesis of liquid crystalline phthalocyanines: combinations of substituents that promote the discotic nematic mesophase AbstractA homologous series of fourteen metal-free 1,4,8,11,15,18-hexakis(alkyl)-22-methyl-25-hydroxyalkylphthalocyanine derivatives has been investigated to interogate the interlay of the roles of the six alkyl chains and the length of the hydroxyalkyl chain in promoting thermotropic nematic liquid crystalline behavior. All but two of the compounds form mesophases. Eight of the remaining compounds exhibit only columnar mesophases which is common among liquid crystalline phthalocyanines. However, four examples form the rare discotic nematic mesophase. A general structural feature is deduced in that this rare phase is favoured when the number of linking atoms in the hydroxyalkyl chain exceeds twice the number of carbon atoms in any one of the six common alkyl chains, disrupting the columnar packing arrangement. In addition, zinc and copper metallated examples of one of the metal-free discotic nematic compounds were prepared of which the zinc metallated compound formed a nematic phase whereas the copper containing analogue favoured columnar mesophase formation.

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Role of Structural Factors in the Nonlinear Optical Properties of Phthalocyanines and Related Compounds

Cited by 1,072 publications

References 265 publications

Spectral dependence of third order nonlinear optical susceptibility of zinc phthalocyanine

Spectral dependence of third order nonlinear optical susceptibility of zinc phthalocyanine

Excitation of Highly Conjugated (Porphinato)palladium(II) and (Porphinato)platinum(II) Oligomers Produces Long-Lived, Triplet States at Unit Quantum Yield That Absorb Strongly over Broad Spectral Domains of the NIR

Design and synthesis of liquid crystalline phthalocyanines: combinations of substituents that promote the discotic nematic mesophase

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