Role of substrate temperature on the growth mechanism and physical properties of spray deposited lead oxide thin films

Suganya, M.; Balu, A. R.; Usharani, K.

doi:10.2478/s13536-014-0208-y

Cited by 36 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…At the occurrence of this fact, the films were repeatedly deposited at this temperature a couple of times with variation of thickness still in the reported range. A very similar report has been given by [2], citing [14] wherein the various authors concluded that at higher temperatures there is a reduction in the transfer of precursor to the substrate. This, [2] and [14] attributed to gas convection emanating from the chamber, hence pushing away the droplets from the substrate surface leading to the development of crystallites within the vapour.…”

Section: Fig 2 Transmission Spectra For Mgse:eu Films At Varying Susupporting

confidence: 63%

Growth of Europium-Doped Magnesium Selenide Films by Electric Field-Assisted Spray Pyrolysis: Optical and Structural Analysis

Jeroh

Ikeuba

Okoli

2018

EEJP

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Europium-doped MgSe films were deposited via electric field-assisted spray pyrolysis. The dopant concentration of the bulk solution of europium trioxide was 5wt. %. However, for doping the films at different substrate temperatures, volume percentage (vol. %) was employed at each instance of variation. Variation of spray temperature was around 573K and 673K (±0.3). Deposition occurred at optimized conditions. Spectra of absorption indicate poor absorption characteristics demonstrated by Europium-doped MgSe films in the ultra-violet region and very low absorption characteristics in the visible section. Absorption peaks were evident around 230nm, 240nm, 350nm and 365nm which confirmed defect states are inherent inside the crystal structure of the films. The films displayed high transparency and low reflection in the visible section at varying substrate temperatures. The high transparency revealed by the MgSe:Eu films in the visible section of the electromagnetic spectrum makes the material applicable as a coating layer in the manufacturing of transparent products. Band gap energies within the range of 2.49eV to 2.95eV corresponding to varying substrate temperatures (573K, 598K, 623K, 648K and 673K) and film thicknesses (2900nm, 2750nm, 2500nm, 2100nm and 200nm) were determined for the MgSe:Eu films. However, a clear observation shows that the band gaps of MgSe:Eu films are mainly dependent on thickness such that the obtained band gaps decreased with increasing thickness (band gap increases with thickness reduction). Structural analysis (XRD) studied at 10% and 40% Eu concentrations reveals a hexagonal (or wurzite) structure for the films with a distortion in crystallinity at higher dopant concentration (40 vol. %) and a resultant blue shift in the lattice constant from the bulk value. Multiple planes of reflection from XRD pattern of the deposited MgSe:Eu films indicate clearly that the films are polycrystalline. Surface morphology (SEM) confirms the highly strained nature and the presence of defect states within the crystal lattice of the Europium-doped MgSe films. Composition of MgSe:Eu films obtained by energy dispersive analysis x-ray (EDAX) confirms the growth of MgSe:Eu films.

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Section: Fig 2 Transmission Spectra For Mgse:eu Films At Varying Susupporting

confidence: 63%

Growth of Europium-Doped Magnesium Selenide Films by Electric Field-Assisted Spray Pyrolysis: Optical and Structural Analysis

Jeroh

Ikeuba

Okoli

2018

EEJP

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“…Fig. 2 shows the variation of the preferential orientation factor f(h k l) of the (1 1 1) plane calculated by the way adopted by Suganya et al [15] as a function of aging period of the starting solution. It is observed that f(1 1 1) increases with an increase in aging period of the starting solution, attaining a maximum value for the CdO film prepared from 3-days aged solution and for further increase in aging period it slightly decreases.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging effect of the precursor solution on the structural, morphological and opto-electrical properties of spray deposited CdO thin films

Raja¹,

Nagarethinam²,

Balu³

2019

Materials Science-Poland

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Nanostructured CdO thin films have been prepared on glass substrates by spray pyrolysis technique using perfume atomizer from fresh and aged (1, 2, 3 and 4 days) precursor solutions. XRD studies confirm that all the films exhibit cubic crystal structure with a (1 1 1) preferential orientation. The preferential orientation factor f(1 1 1) increases with an increase in aging the period of precursor solution. The 2θ value of the (1 1 1) plane shifts towards lower Bragg angles with aging inferring an expansion in the lattice volume of the aged films. Increased crystallite size is observed for the 3-days aged film for which minimum strain and dislocation density values are obtained. Optical transparency increases with an increase in aging period of the precursor solution and the optical band gap exhibits a red shift from 2.48 eV to 2.32 eV. Minimum resistivity of 0.78 × 10−2 Ω·cm is observed for the CdO film prepared from 3-days aged solution. The obtained results infer that the CdO film prepared from 3-days aged solution exhibits better physical properties than the others.

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“…In addition, it is observed that preferred orientation along (0 2 10) direction changes to (5 0 8) direction with Pb doping. The minimization in surface energy and internal stress might be dominating the occurrence of preferential orientation [47][48][49][50][51][52]. These observations reveal that growth direction of examined nanocrystalline composition changes with Pb amount.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 80%

On the structural and thermophysical study of Pb-doped Se-Te-In nanochalcogenide alloys

Anjali

Patial

Thakur

2020

Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies

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Pb additive nanochalcogenide materials are becoming well-known materials in modern optoelectronics. In this paper, multicomponent Se-Te-In-Pb nanochalcogenide alloys are prepared using melt-quenching technique. The physical and submicron structural features of investigated system are reported and discussed. Characteristic peaks in x-ray spectra signify nanorange of each sample under investigation validated by FESEM and HRTEM. Influence of Pb content on examined composition has been deliberated with respect to their physical characterization namely average coordination number (), mean bond energy (), crosslinking density (X), lone-pair electrons (L), fraction of floppy modes (f), constraints (N c ), electronegativity (χ), cohesive energy (CE), glass transition temperature (T g ), and heat of atomization (H s ). It is realized that addition of Pb content, enhanced N c , X, and . Whereas, , L, f, χ, CE, T g , and H s decrease with Pb addition. Cohesive energy is analyzed through chemical-bond approach. T g is estimated by Tichy-Ticha and Lankhorst approaches and are found in consistent with experimental results. The band gap of investigated system has been calculated theoretically by Shimakawa's relation and deduced results are analyzed through cohesive energy, electronegativity, and average single-bond energy. Also the compositional dependence of experimentally derived optical band gap has been analyzed and discussed.

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Role of substrate temperature on the growth mechanism and physical properties of spray deposited lead oxide thin films

Cited by 36 publications

References 32 publications

Growth of Europium-Doped Magnesium Selenide Films by Electric Field-Assisted Spray Pyrolysis: Optical and Structural Analysis

Growth of Europium-Doped Magnesium Selenide Films by Electric Field-Assisted Spray Pyrolysis: Optical and Structural Analysis

Aging effect of the precursor solution on the structural, morphological and opto-electrical properties of spray deposited CdO thin films

On the structural and thermophysical study of Pb-doped Se-Te-In nanochalcogenide alloys

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