Roles of Thyroid Hormone-Associated microRNAs Affecting Oxidative Stress in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Abstract

Oxidative stress occurs as a result of imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant genes in cells, causing damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA. Accumulating damage of cellular components can trigger various diseases, including metabolic syndrome and cancer. Over the past few years, the physiological significance of microRNAs (miRNA) in cancer has been a focus of comprehensive research. In view of the extensive level of miRNA interference in biological processes, the roles of miRNAs in oxidative stress and their relevance in physiological processes have recently become a subject of interest. In-depth research is underway to specifically address the direct or indirect relationships of oxidative stress-induced miRNAs in liver cancer and the potential involvement of the thyroid hormone in these processes. While studies on thyroid hormone in liver cancer are abundantly documented, no conclusive information on the potential relationships among thyroid hormone, specific miRNAs, and oxidative stress in liver cancer is available. In this review, we discuss the effects of thyroid hormone on oxidative stress-related miRNAs that potentially have a positive or negative impact on liver cancer. Additionally, supporting evidence from clinical and animal experiments is provided.

Functional roles of non-coding RNAs regulated by thyroid hormones in liver cancer

“…Two major isoforms of TRs exist, specifically, THRA (TRα) and THRB (TRβ). Different TRs are composed of similar domains, including an amino-terminal A/B domain to recruit regulatory proteins, a central DNA-binding domain (DBD) or C region displaying high affinity for DNA sequences of TREs, a linker D region necessary for nuclear translocation of the receptor, and a carboxy-terminal ligand-binding domain (LBD) that interacts with thyroid hormones [ 9 ]. Expression of TR isoforms is tissue-dependent.…”

“…Thyroid hormone plays a critical regulatory role in cellular homeostasis and its imbalance in the body is significantly associated with multiple chronic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular, and liver disorders [ 9 ]. Under physiological conditions, thyroid hormones control tumor cell development, differentiation, metabolism, and growth pathways.…”

“…Our group has extensively investigated miRNAs and lncRNAs with potential clinical value in diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer. As a result, several miRNAs and lncRNAs clearly affected by thyroid hormones and receptors have been identified [ 9 , 41 ].…”

Association between Inflammation and Function of Cell Adhesion Molecules Influence on Gastrointestinal Cancer Development

“…Hepatic injury and inflammation are known risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Chronic inflammation associated with carcinogenesis is predominantly due to viral infections, such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) [15].…”

Crosstalk between MicroRNA and Oxidative Stress in Physiology and Pathology

“…A large contribution has been provided on cancer research. Cosentino et al [7], dealing with Breast Cancer; Huang et al [8] with Human Hepatocellular Aarcinoma; Zhang [9] for therapeutic tolerance and resistance as a general subject; and Lin. [10] and Babu and Tay [11] on the overall ROS-miRNA relationship domain.…”