Romanomermis culicivorax: Penetration of larval mosquitoes

Shamseldean, M. M.; Platzer, Edward G.

doi:10.1016/0022-2011(89)90028-1

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…7 in Poinar et al, 1979) but noted a "similarity" to host tissue. Shamseldean and Platzer (1989) correctly identified an "outer coat" in parasitic stage R. culicivorax but did not comment further. Wang and Gaugler (1999) extracted presumed surface coat proteins from Steinernema glaseri that suppressed melanotic encapsulation in scarabaeid hosts, but the surface coat was not visualised or suggested to serve as a physical barrier against immunocytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Role of the surface coat of Romanomermis culicivorax in immune evasion

Shamseldean

Platzer

Gaugler

2007

Nematol

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Interactions of the mermithid nematode Romanomermis culicivorax with the immune system of mosquito larvae were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The host immune system rapidly recognised invading parasites, as granulocytes and discharged granules were observed attached to parasitic nematodes within 5 min. Melanin deposition was infrequently observed. As a counter measure, the parasites secreted and shed an extracellular surface coat which aided immune evasion. During the first 4 days of infection, when parasite growth was limited, the coat served as a disposable, renewable barrier between parasite and host that was intermittently shed to cleanse the nematode of adhering host immune products. In the later infection phase the parasite grew rapidly and was beyond the effect of the depleted host immune response. The broad host range of R. culcivorax within culicines may be partly a function of the nonspecific defence it mounts against the host immune system. In summary, shedding of the surface coat is an adaptive counter response by R. culicivorax to the mosquito immune reaction to infection and provides a classic example of host-parasite coevolution.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Role of the surface coat of Romanomermis culicivorax in immune evasion

Shamseldean

Platzer

Gaugler

2007

Nematol

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“…The microstructure of the film was done using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) model (JEOL JSM 5200, Tokyo, JAPAN) according to Shamseldean and Platzer (1989).…”

Section: Microstructure Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Mixing Rotational Speed on Characteristics of Edible Film Containing Tangerine (Citrus reticulate) Essential Oil to Extend the Shelf-Life of Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus)

Rizk¹,

Riyad²,

Helmy³

2020

SCUJ

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Mushrooms are products which lose their unique organoleptic properties after harvesting and, it has a short shelf life. The effect of edible coating of mushroom on shelf life was evaluated by using carrageenan (1.5%) and different concentrations of tangerine (Citrus reticulate) essential oil (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6%). Edible coating solutions were prepared using different rotational speed of mixing (500, 1000 and 1500 rpm). Physiochemical properties of tangerine essential oil and rheological characteristics of edible coating solutions were measured. The results indicated that all edible coating solutions exhibited non-Newtonian pseudoplastic behavior. The highest value of water vapor permeability was for carrageenan (1.5%) incorporated with tangerine essential oil (0.2%) at 500 rpm sample. Essential oil and mixing speed affected the edible film morphology. Edible coating of mushroom affected the weight loss, firmness, moisture content and microbiological properties. The obtained results indicated the possibility of prolonging the period of preserving mushrooms by using the coating film prepared from carrageenan mixed with tangerine essential oil.

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“…A strong negative correlation between host heart rate and infection preference was noted for both mermithid species as parasite load increased. Although preparasite penetration caused a decrease in heartbeat, presumably because of venom injection (Shamseldean and Platzer, 1989), it seems unlikely the preparasites use the change in host heart rate to evaluate host condition because of the heart rate quickly recovered after each penetration (data not shown). Accordingly, we reject our hypothesis that preparasites assess heartbeat in making infection decisions.…”

Section: Fig 1 Time Required By Individual Romanomermis Iyengari Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eggs of aquatic mermithid nematodes are deposited in the external environment and the newly hatched preparasites (second-stage infective juveniles) search for hosts. Preparasites initiate infection using a needle-like stylet to inject a ''venom'' (Shamseldean and Platzer, 1989). This causes a reduction in host heart rate and a concurrent temporary paralysis which facilitates nematode entry via a cuticular wound.…”

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confidence: 99%

Superparasitism and Population Regulation of the Mosquito-Parasitic Mermithid Nematodes Romanomermis iyengari and Strelkovimermis spiculatus

Sanad

Sun

Shamseldean

et al. 2017

Journal of Nematology

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Superparasitism is a common phenomenon in mosquito-parasitic mermithid nematodes. Multiple nematodes are needed in a single host to produce males. Host selection behavior and intraspecific competition among Romanomermis iyengari and Strelkovimermis spiculatus were investigated against their host, Culex pipiens pipiens in laboratory experiments. In a choice assay between previously infected and uninfected host larvae, infectious preparasites of both nematode species could distinguish not only between infected and uninfected hosts, but even between different parasite loads in showing a strong preference for uninfected hosts or hosts with a low parasite load. Host heart rate declined briefly immediately after parasitism. Superparasitism resulted in increased parasite mortality. Scramble competition within mosquito larvae for limited host nutrients, coupled with a skewed sex ratio favoring males, is assumed to lead to parasite population decline and subsequently toward host-parasite population equilibrium. The ability of mermithid preparasites to accurately assess parasite load likely plays an important role in host population dynamics and regulation.

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Romanomermis culicivorax: Penetration of larval mosquitoes

Cited by 14 publications

References 11 publications

Role of the surface coat of Romanomermis culicivorax in immune evasion

Role of the surface coat of Romanomermis culicivorax in immune evasion

Effect of Mixing Rotational Speed on Characteristics of Edible Film Containing Tangerine (Citrus reticulate) Essential Oil to Extend the Shelf-Life of Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus)

Superparasitism and Population Regulation of the Mosquito-Parasitic Mermithid Nematodes Romanomermis iyengari and Strelkovimermis spiculatus

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