Rooftop Solar PV Penetration Impacts on Distribution Network and Further Growth Factors—A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

In order to meet the electricity needs of domestic or commercial buildings, solar energy is more attractive than other renewable energy sources in terms of its simplicity of installation, less dependence on the field and its economy. It is possible to extract solar energy from photovoltaic (PV) including rooftop, ground-mounted, and building integrated PV systems. Interest in rooftop PV system applications has increased in recent years due to simple installation and not occupying an external area. However, the negative effects of increased PV penetration on the distribution system are troublesome. The power loss, reverse power flow (RPF), voltage fluctuations, voltage unbalance, are causing voltage quality problems in the power network. On the other hand, variations in system frequency, power factor, and harmonics are affecting the power quality. The excessive PV penetration also the root cause of voltage stability and has an adverse effect on protection system. The aim of this article is to extensively examines the impacts of rooftop PV on distribution network and evaluate possible solution methods in terms of the voltage quality, power quality, system protection and system stability. Moreover, it is to present a comparison of the advantages/disadvantages of the solution methods discussed, and an examination of the solution methods in which artificial intelligence, deep learning and machine learning based optimization and techniques are discussed with common methods.

Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynakları İçin Dijital İkiz Konsepti

“…Solar energy is more interesting than other alternative energy sources in meeting the electricity needs of residential or commercial buildings (Uzum, Onen, Hasanien, & Muyeen, 2021). Digital twin applications can also be made for energy systems that include photovoltaic (PV) panels, which is one of the techniques used in electricity generation from solar energy.…”

Compensation of Unbalanced Low-Voltage Grids Using a Photovoltaic Generation System with a Dual Four-Leg, Two-Level Inverter

“…Although this problem is also important, much less attention has been given to it as compared to the other mentioned problems. Regardless, several studies have addressed this problem [15][16][17][18]. The use of PV generators to address the currents imbalance problem was recently reported in the literature [19][20][21][22][23].…”

Optimal Sizing and Cost Minimization of Solar Photovoltaic Power System Considering Economical Perspectives and Net Metering Schemes

“…Moreover, upgraded renewable generation units are commercially available in markets, i.e., solar PV, wind turbine, solar thermal generators, and biomass. However, the most suitable power generation in the remote areas would mainly be solar PV in terms of the ease of installation [17,18]. Residential electrical power generation using customer-owned grid-connected solar PV systems has turned into an appealing suggestion for many households.…”