Room temperature long-term creep/relaxation behaviour of carbon cathode material

Picard, Donald; Fafard, Mario; Soucy, Gervais; Bilodeau, Jean‐François

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2008.06.029

Cited by 23 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Recently, the deformation mechanism of graphite crystals has received much attention due to its effect on materials deterioration [9]. Hinks et al systematically studied the effects of stresses on the microstructural development of the graphitic materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

Liu,

Huang,

Wang

et al. 2021

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EffEct of Sodium PEnEtration on microScoPic dEformation of carbon-baSEd cathodE matErialS during aluminum ElEctrolySiSin this paper, the macroscopic and microscopic deformation caused by sodium penetration in the carbon cathode has been studied during aluminum electrolysis. the distributions of sodium concentration in the carbon cathode has been measured by SeM-eDS. the microstructure change caused by the gradient of the sodium concentration in the carbon cathode has been studied using transmission electron microscopy (teM). the results indicate that sodium penetration decreases with the increase of the penetration depth. the stresses caused by the gradient of the sodium concentration result in a remarkable change for the microstructure of the carbon cathode. the formation of dislocations resulting in dislocation arrays and the development of kink band networks bring about material damage growth and possibly subsequent weakening of the cathode. these results can provide useful information that is helpful in developing an improved comprehending of the microscopic deformation mechanism of the carbon cathode during aluminum electrolysis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

Liu,

Huang,

Wang

et al. 2021

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“…Once the cell is shut down and drained, every day of extended operation brings a substantial saving for the aluminum industry [3]. To achieve these goals, major efforts have been made to extend the service life of an industrial aluminum induction cell, which is the most important equipment in electrolytic production of aluminum [4]. The physical performance of the carbon cathode can be influenced enormously by the chemical contamination phenomenon [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Current Density on the Microstructure of Carbon-Based Cathode Materials during Aluminum Electrolysis

Wang

Sun

2020

Applied Sciences

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Sodium expansion plays an important role in cathode deterioration during aluminum electrolysis. In this work, the sodium expansion of semigraphitic cathode material has been measured at various cathodic current densities using a modified Rapoport apparatus. We have studied the microstructural changes of carbon cathodes after aluminum electrolysis using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Because of an increasing trend toward higher amperage in retrofitted aluminum reduction cells, an investigation is conducted both at a representative cathode current density (0.45 A/cm2) and at a high cathodic current density (0.7 A/cm2). The results indicate that the microstructures of carbon cathodes can be modified by Joule heating and electrostatic charging with higher current densities during aluminum electrolysis. With the penetration of the sodium and melt, zigzag and armchair edges, disordered carbon, and exfoliation of the surface layers may appear in the interior of the carbon cathode. The penetration of the sodium and melt causes remarkable stresses and strains in the carbon cathodes, that gradually result in performance degradation. This shows that increasing the amperage in aluminum reduction cells may exacerbate the material deterioration of the cathodes.

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