Rootstock capacity in improving production and quality of triploid watermelon seeds

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate different rootstocks for improving triploid seed production of the dessert watermelon, Citrullus lanatus. This 2-year study was conducted at two locations, in open fields at Antalya and Adana, Turkey, during the 2016 and 2017 growing seasons. The tetraploid watermelon line 'ST 101' was used as the female parent scion and the diploid line 'WL 92' as the male parent. Both parental lines were grafted onto three different rootstocks to determine the effect of grafting on seed yield and quality of triploid watermelon. Nun 9075, a Cucurbita interspecific hybrid (Cucurbita maxima × Cucurbita moschata), Argentario (Lagenaria siceraria), and citron watermelon PI 296341 (Citrullus amarus) were used as rootstocks. Nongrafted ST 101 and WL 92 were also crossed to be used as controls. The graft combinations and controls were compared for performance as measured by length, diameter and number of nodes of main stem, total yield, mean fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, seed yield, number of seed per fruit, weight of 1000 seeds, seed germination and emergence percentage, days to germination and emergence, and seed coat and embryo weight ratio. Nun 9075/ST 101 and Argentario/ST 101 graft combinations resulted in longer main stems; increased total yield; heavier, longer, and wider fruits; and higher seed yield and number of seeds per fruit as compared to PI 296341/ST 101 graft combination and the controls in both locations and years.

Comparative Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms in Di, Tri, and Tetraploid Watermelon (<em>Citrullus lanatus</em> L.) Grafted by Branches

“…Tetra seeds production is a very hard process [11]. So it is important to find a more economical way to increase the number and quality of triploid seeds [13]. In this study, we tested three different parts from mother plants as a scion, apical meristem (AM), branch with 1, and 2 nodes (1N and 2N) to increase the number of plants using vegetative propagation from mother plants with grafting technique.…”

“…High seed cost has generally been because of difficulties in obtaining a sufficient number of tetraploid individuals and the low number of seeds only 5-20 seeds/fruit as compared to diploid fruits )600 seeds/fruit). It is important to find a more economical way to increase the number and quality of triploid seeds [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Grafting has a very long history, and evidence of its use has been found in ancient civilizations, e.g., in 1560 BC in China, as discussed by Aristotle (384-322 BC) [14]. vascular formation; auxin is important for the differentiation of vascular tissues and wound healing [15,18,32,33,[39][40][41][42][43][44][45].…”

Long-Lasting Graft Union Compatibility Enigma Explained by Comparative Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms in Di, Tri, and Tetraploid Watermelon (<em>Citrullus lanatus</em> L.) Grafted by Branches

“…So, it is important to find a more economical way to increase the number and quality of triploid seeds [13]. In this study, we tested three different parts from mother plants as a scion, apical meristem (AM), branch with 1, and 2 nodes (1N and 2N) to increase the number of plants using vegetative propagation from mother plants with grafting technique.…”

“…High seed cost has generally been because of difficulties in obtaining a sufficient number of tetraploid individuals and the low number of seeds only 5-20 seeds/fruit as compared to diploid fruits )600 seeds/fruit). It is important to find a more economical way to increase the number and quality of triploid seeds [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Comparative Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms in Di, Tri, and Tetraploid Watermelon (<em>Citrullus lanatus</em> L.) Grafted by Branches

“…High seed cost has generally been because of difficulties in obtaining a sufficient number of tetraploid individuals and the low number of seeds only 5-20 seeds/fruit as compared to diploid fruits )600 seeds/fruit). It is important to find a more economical way to increase the number and quality of triploid seeds [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Grafting has a very long history, and evidence of its use has been found in ancient civilizations, e.g., in 1560 BC in China, as discussed by Aristotle (384-322 BC) [14]. vascular formation; auxin is important for the differentiation of vascular tissues and wound healing [15,18,32,33,[39][40][41][42][43][44][45].…”