Rosmarinus officinalis L. ameliorates titanium dioxide nanoparticles and induced some toxic effects in rats’ blood

Abstract

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO NPs) have been widely used as a white pigment in food and drugs. The most important route of human exposure to TiO is through food and drug products containing TiO additives. This study investigates the efficacy of an oral traditional use of rosemary extract in ameliorating some toxic effects induced on blood of TiO NP-intoxicated rats. Rats were given rosemary extract via intragastric administration 1 h before the intragastric administration of 100 mg/kg/day TiO NPs (10 nm) for 60 days. TiO NPs significantly increased serum cholesterol, glucose, and triglyceride levels of rats. They also induced significant oxidative stress and inflammatory and caused DNA damage in peripheral blood leukocytes. The rosemary extract appears to have a significant protective effect by lowering glucose level properties, restoring the lipid profile and showing an antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antigenotoxic properties against TiO NPs toxicity. In conclusion, this study gives an encouraging scientific basis for consumers of rosemary leaves to keep on with this culinary habit.

Evaluation of the Effects of Peritoneal Lavage with Rosmarinus officinalis Extract against the Prevention of Postsurgical-Induced Peritoneal Adhesion

“…It has been supported that ethanolic extract of R. officinalis possesses anti-inflammatory ef-fects through decreasing the levels of COX-2, prostaglandin E2, IL-1β, and MMP2 in chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain in rats [17]. Furthermore, R. officinalis aqueous extract diminished the level of IL-6 in TiO2 NP-induced toxicity in rats [18]. Medicherla et al suggested that R. officinalis extract (50 and 100 mg/kg) attenuated COX-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase expressions, TNF-α and IL-6 levels, and myeloperoxidase activity in dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental murine colitis.…”

“…It has been reported that the ethanolic extract of R. officinalis raises CAT and SOD levels as well as reduces the MDA level following the acute model of intestinal damage induced by ethanol [28]. Grissa et al demonstrated that the aqueous extract of R. officinalis improves SOD, TAS, and CAT activity and prevents MDA and IL-6 levels following TiO2 NPs-induced toxicity in rat blood [18]. Furthermore, Amaral et al reported that R. officinalis ethanolic extract made a significant decrement in MDA, oxidized dichlorofluorescein, and NO levels as well as enhances GSH, CAT, 100.000…”

An updated review of protective effects of rosemary and its active constituents against natural and chemical toxicities

“…Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) as food or drug additives are used in whitening and brightening agents (Yang et al, 2014). It has been demonstrated that rosemary aqueous extract could ameliorate the systemic toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in rats (Grissa et al, 2017). TiO2 NPs subchronic exposure (100 mg/kg BW via gavage, for 60 days) produced metabolic imbalance (hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and body weight loss) in rats.…”

“…TiO2 NPs subchronic exposure (100 mg/kg BW via gavage, for 60 days) produced metabolic imbalance (hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and body weight loss) in rats. Rosemary extract treatment (5 mL/kg BW via gavage 1 h before the TiO2 NPs administration) decreased glucose and serum lipid levels and significantly enhanced body weight after 8 weeks of treatment (Grissa et al, 2017). Moreover, the rosemary extract could inhibit oxidative stress and DNA fragmentation‐induced by TiO2 NPs‐ in peripheral blood leukocytes (Grissa et al, 2017).…”

Single red blood cell analysis reveals elevated hemoglobin in poikilocytes

“…TiO 2 NPs of 5-nm size were used to induce poikilocytes, as related studies have shown that the NPs affect the vascular system and damage liver function. 7,8,[16][17][18] Raman spectroscopy is a vibrational spectroscopic method that provides information on the chemical bonds in the sample and is applicable to many fields, including biomedicine. 19,20 There is an increasing number of studies using Raman spectroscopy to examine blood and biomolecules, [21][22][23][24] including in the presence of NPs such as nanodiamonds.…”