Ross Sea deep-ocean and epipelagic microzooplankton during the summer-autumn transition period

Safi, Karl; Robinson, Karen; Hall, Julie; Schwarz, J.; Maas, Elizabeth W.

doi:10.3354/ame01588

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…2) were not reflected in similar differences in larval abundance (Table III). However, in the offshore region, where water stratification was less pronounced and chlorophyll a was detected even to depths of 300 m (Safi et al 2012), the difference in larval abundance between above and below 200 m was more pronounced (Table III). This greater abundance in the uppermost layers of the water column is a Table VIII.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One possible explanation for higher larval abundances in shallow waters is the presence of phytoplankton food for planktotrophic larvae in the euphotic zone. The epipelagic zone at the IPY-CAML sampling sites was very shallow, always in the top 100 m of the water column except for station 283, and chlorophyll a concentrations were close to 0 below 200 m (Safi et al 2012, table II). Differences in chlorophyll a values between regions (shelf > slope ≈ offshore) (Safi et al 2012, fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depth profiles of temperature, salinity and chlorophyll a were estimated using CTD casts (described in Pakhomov et al 2011) and/or the sensors equipped in the MOCNESS gear at all stations (except for station 168 where data from the nearest station (143) from Hanchet et al (2008, p. 166) has been used). Water samples were collected at all stations at different depths using Niskin bottles to assess levels of dissolved nutrients, particulate carbon and nitrogen, dissolved reactive phosphorus and pigments, including size fractioned chlorophyll a and phaeopigments (Safi et al 2012, Chang et al 2013).

Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As part of the New Zealand International Polar Year - Census of Antarctic Marine Life (IPY-CAML) voyage to the Ross Sea (Hanchet et al 2008, Pakhomov et al 2011, Safi et al 2012), meroplankton samples were collected in three different oceanic waters: above the Ross Sea shelf, the Ross Sea slope and in the oceanic offshore waters to the north of the Ross Sea near Scott Island and the Admiralty Seamount. Using a combined morphological/molecular approach (Heimeier et al 2010), we describe the diversity and abundance of these meroplankton communities during the late summer, with three aims: i) to identify how meroplankton diversity, abundance and species composition varies across regions, depth ranges and water masses (with distinct physical and chemical characteristics), ii) to obtain a better understanding of the influence of environmental variables on the meroplankton distribution in oceanic waters, and iii) to examine relationships between meroplankton and the benthic species composition (from the literature and online databases), looking for putative benthic sources for the larvae found in the water column.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The meroplankton community of the oceanic Ross Sea during late summer

2013

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Meroplankton community studies in the Antarctic have primarily focused on the coastal waters of both the Antarctic Peninsula and the Ross Sea. The New Zealand International Polar Year -Census of Antarctic Marine Life (IPY-CAML) voyage to the Ross Sea during the late summer (February-March) 2008 provided the first meroplankton samples from three regions in the deep, oceanic waters of the Ross Sea (shelf, slope and adjacent offshore Antarctic waters of Admiralty Seamount and Scott Island). We used a combined morphological and molecular approach to identify 36 larval operational taxonomic units based on sequences from three loci (16S, 18S, COI), and exclude early developmental stages of holoplankton. Overall, larval abundance was lower than previous Antarctic studies (5.19 specimens per 100 m 3 ), with larvae most abundant in the first 200 m of the water column and most diverse in the shelf region. Multivariate analysis revealed significant differences in the meroplankton community between regions and depth ranges, but with low similarity within these groupings; differences between water masses were undetectable due to the confounding effect with both region and depth. The influence of nearby benthic populations (e.g. the acorn barnacle Bathylasma corolliforme) and/or locally abundant taxa (e.g. the nudibranch Tergipes antarcticus) was evident in the meroplankton community.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The meroplankton community of the oceanic Ross Sea during late summer

2013

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“…Abundances (cell counts) of aggregate groups have been reported for a very wide range of localities. From across the world ocean between 30°N and 30°S from the Malaspina program (Pernice et al 2015), to the subarctic Pacific (Fukuda et al 2007), the North West Pacific (Yamaguchi et al 2002(Yamaguchi et al , 2004, the Tropical N Pacific to Arctic (Sohrin et al 2010), the subtropical & tropical Atlantic (Morgan-Smith et al 2011), sites around the Canary Islands (Boras et al 2010), the Tropical & South Atlantic (Rocke et al 2015), the Eastern and Western Mediterranean Sea (Rocke et al 2015;Tanaka and Rassoulzadegan 2002), and the Ross Sea in Antarctica (Safi et al 2012).…”

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confidence: 99%

Past President's Address: Protists of the Mesopelagic and a Bit on the Long Path to the Deep Sea

Dolan

Ciobanu

Coppola

2019

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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The deep sea has long been a mysterious and attractive habitat for protistologists. However, logistical difficulties severely limit sampling opportunities. Consequently, our knowledge of the protists in the deep sea, (arguably the largest habitat on earth), is relatively sparse. Here, we present a unique time‐series concerning three different protist taxa that share only the characteristics of being relatively large, robust to sampling, and easily identifiable to species level using light microscopy: tintinnid ciliates, phaeogromid cercozoans (e.g. Challengerids) and amphisolenid dinoflagellates. We sampled a near‐shore deep water site in the N.W. Mediterranean Sea at 250 m depth over a 2‐yr period at approximately weekly intervals from January 2017 to December 2018. To our knowledge, no previous studies have employed sampling on a similar time scale. We found taxa that appear to be restricted to deep waters, distinct seasonal patterns of abundance in some taxa, and in others nonseasonal successional patterns. Based on data from sampling following a flash flood event, the Challengerid population appeared to respond positively to a pulse of terrigenous input. Some of the distinct mesopelagic tintinnid ciliates and amphisolinid dinoflagellates were also found in two samples from the North Atlantic mesopelagic gathered from near the Azores Islands in September 2018. We conclude that there are a variety of protist taxa endemic to the mesopelagic, that the populations are dynamic, and they may be widely distributed in the deep waters of the world ocean.

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Eukaryotic influence on the oceanic biological carbon pump in the Scotia Sea as revealed by 18S rRNA gene sequencing of suspended and sinking particles

Duret

Lampitt

Lam

2019

Limnology & Oceanography

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Suspended marine particles constitute most of the particulate organic matter pool in the oceans, thereby providing substantial substrates for heterotrophs, especially in the mesopelagic. Conversely, sinking particles are major contributors to carbon fluxes defining the strength of the biological carbon pump (BCP). This study is the first to investigate the differential influence of eukaryotic communities to suspended and sinking particles, using 18S rRNA gene sequencing on particles collected with a marine snow catcher in the mixed layer and upper mesopelagic of the Scotia Sea, Southern Ocean. In the upper mesopelagic, most eukaryotic phytoplankton sequences belonged to chain‐forming diatoms in sinking particles and to prymnesiophytes in suspended particles. This suggests that diatom‐enriched particles are more efficient in carbon transfer to the upper mesopelagic than those enriched in prymnesiophytes in the Scotia Sea, the latter more easily disintegrating into suspended particles. In the upper mesopelagic, copepods appeared most influential on sinking particles whereas soft‐tissue metazoan sequences contributed more to suspended particles. Heterotrophic protists and fungi communities were distinct between mixed layer and upper mesopelagic, implying that few protists ride along sinking particles. Furthermore, differences between predatory flagellates and radiolarians between suspended and sinking particles implied different ecological conditions between the two particles pools, and roles in the BCP. Molecular analyses of sinking and suspended particles constitute powerful diagnostic tools to study the eukaryotic influence on the BCP in a more holistic manner compared to classic carbon export studies focusing on sinking particles.

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Ross Sea deep-ocean and epipelagic microzooplankton during the summer-autumn transition period

Cited by 10 publications

References 56 publications

The meroplankton community of the oceanic Ross Sea during late summer

The meroplankton community of the oceanic Ross Sea during late summer

Past President's Address: Protists of the Mesopelagic and a Bit on the Long Path to the Deep Sea

Eukaryotic influence on the oceanic biological carbon pump in the Scotia Sea as revealed by 18S rRNA gene sequencing of suspended and sinking particles

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