Routine detection and identification in urine of stimulants and other drugs, some of which may be used to modify performance in sport

Abstract

A general procedure for the analysis in urine of basic drugs (and their metabolites), some of which may be misused as stimulants in sport, has been developed. The techniques used include gas-liquid and thin-layer chromatography and linked gasliquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy. It is recommended that international control of drug-taking in sport be based primarily upon urine analysis by gas-liquid chromatography systems and also derivative formation followed by gas-liquid chromatography. The principles outlined in the procedure can be applied in a much wider forensic context.

Mass spectrometry in sports drug testing: Structure characterization and analytical assays

“…(TMS) and/or N-acylation have been employed (Beckett, Tucker, & Moffat, 1967;Donike & Derenbach, 1976;Hemmersbach & de la Torre, 1996;Shin & Donike, 1996). The mass spectrometric behavior of the derivatized analytes differs considerably from underivatized compounds (Table 3), although the principle dissociation pathway via a-cleavage remains in most spectra.…”

“…At that time, doping controls were performed primarily by means of gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) as well as thin-layer chromatography (TLC) (Beckett, Tucker, & Moffat, 1967;Cartoni & Cavalli, 1968), and in selected cases supportive information regarding positive samples was obtained by derivatization, further GLC, TLC, and also mass spectrometry or micro infrared spectroscopy. In addition, classical experiments employing colorimetric determinations of amphetamines were used (Richter, 1938;Keller & Ellenbogen, 1952) but suffered from interferences in biological matrices, until a first procedure was established based on liquid-liquid extraction, paper chromatography, and visualization (Vidic, 1955).…”

Predictable Increase of Central Nervous System Stimulation by a Pyrolysis Product in Smoking Dimethylamphetamine

“…MA is detected in urine as a metabolite after ingestion of some other drugs. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Dimethylamphetamine (DMA) is one of these drugs and is controlled in Japan. The major excretion products of DMA in humans is dimethylamphetamine N-oxide, and MA and amphetamine (AM) are also excreted as minor metabolites.…”

The International Antidoping System and Why It Works

“…The first antidoping tests were developed in the 1960s (16 ). The Cologne Workshop on Dope Analysis (Workshop) began in 1983 as a way to share the latest information among the staff of the accredited laboratories.…”