Routing Protocols in Wireless Body Area Networks: Architecture, Challenges, and Classification

Goyal, Reema; Mittal, Nitin; Gupta, Lipika; Surana, Amit

doi:10.1155/2023/9229297

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…In conjunction with the previous techniques, one of the most common techniques is the development of energy-efficient routing protocols [19,35,36]. When designing WBANs, routing is paramount to ensuring effective and reliable data transmission [8,21]. A routing protocol determines the optimal path for data transmission from the sensors to the sink node to minimize the sensors' energy consumption during data transmission.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lifetime and performance of the WBAN are increased by reducing the energy consumption of the sensors. Routing protocols in WBANs can be classified into several categories according to their functionality and mode of operation, including cross-layer, postural, QoS-aware, thermal-aware, and cluster-based [8,[11][12][13]15,19,21].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A notable innovation is the integration of remote care providers or hospitals, which allow the delivery of healthcare services from a distance [5,6]. In this context, WBANs have emerged as a significant trend that offers promising opportunities for remote healthcare monitoring [5][6][7][8][9]. WBANs are considered a subset of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and also represent the next generation of personal area networks (PANs) [5,[10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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HCEL: Hybrid Clustering Approach for Extending WBAN Lifetime

Helal,

Sallabi,

Sharaf

et al. 2024

Mathematics

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Wireless body area networks (WBANs) have emerged as a promising solution for addressing challenges faced by elderly individuals, limited medical facilities, and various chronic medical conditions. WBANs consist of wearable sensing and computing devices interconnected through wireless communication channels, enabling the collection and transmission of vital physiological data. However, the energy constraints of the battery-powered sensor nodes in WBANs pose a significant challenge to ensuring long-term operational efficiency. Two-hop routing protocols have been suggested to extend the stability period and maximize the network’s lifetime. These protocols select appropriate parent nodes or forwarders with a maximum of two hops to relay data from sensor nodes to the sink. While numerous energy-efficient routing solutions have been proposed for WBANs, reliability has often been overlooked. Our paper introduces an energy-efficient routing protocol called a Hybrid Clustering Approach for Extending WBAN Lifetime (HCEL) to address these limitations. HCEL leverages a utility function to select parent nodes based on residual energy (RE), proximity to the sink node, and the received signal strength indicator (RSSI). The parent node selection process also incorporates an energy threshold value and a constrained number of serving nodes. The main goal is to extend the overall lifetime of all nodes within the network. Through extensive simulations, the study shows that HCEL outperforms both Stable Increased Throughput Multihop Protocol for Link Efficiency (SIMPLE) and Energy-Efficient Reliable Routing Scheme (ERRS) protocols in several key performance metrics. The specific findings of our article highlight the superior performance of HCEL in terms of increased network stability, extended network lifetime, reduced energy consumption, improved data throughput, minimized delays, and improved link reliability.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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HCEL: Hybrid Clustering Approach for Extending WBAN Lifetime

Helal,

Sallabi,

Sharaf

et al. 2024

Mathematics

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“…The best solution will likely vary depending on the specific situation. Goyal, R. et al 41 have discussed that the proliferation of devices and the growth of mobile data usage have led to an increase in demand for D2D communication. D2D communication can be used to offload traffic from the cellular network and improve the spectral efficiency of the system.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy‐efficient resource allocation model for device‐to‐device communication in 5G wireless personal area networks

Logeshwaran¹,

Nallasamy²,

Lloret

2023

Int J Communication

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Summary In general, there are several many devices that can overload the network and reduce performance. Devices can minimize interference and optimize bandwidth usage by using directional antennas and by avoiding overlapping communication ranges. In addition, devices need to carefully manage their use of resources, such as bandwidth and energy. Bandwidth is limited in wireless personal area networks (WPANs), so devices need to carefully select which data to send and receive. In this paper, an intelligent performance analysis of energy‐efficient resource optimization model has been proposed for device‐to‐device (D2D) communication in fifth‐generation (5G) WPAN. The proposed energy‐efficient resource allocation in D2D communication is important because it helps reduce energy consumption and extend the lifespan of devices that are communicating with each other. By allocating resources in an efficient manner, communication between two devices can be optimized for maximum efficiency. This helps reduce the amount of energy needed to power the communication, as well as the amount of energy needed to power the device that is communicating with another device. Additionally, efficient resource allocation helps reduce the overall cost of communication, as the use of fewer resources results in a lower overall cost. The proposed efficient resource allocation helps reduce the environmental impact of communication, as less energy is used for communication. The proposed energy‐efficient resource allocation model (EERAM) has reached 92.97% of energy allocation, 88.72% of power allocation, 87.79% of bandwidth allocation, 87.93% of spectrum allocation, 88.43% of channel allocation, 25.47% of end‐to‐end delay, 94.33% of network data speed, and 90.99% of network throughput.

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“…The routing protocol [ 80 , 81 ] also plays an important role in the quality of transmission among WBAN tiers, satisfying WBAN requirements like energy consumption, delay, and network life time. To achieve a reliable routing protocol, QoS [ 80 , 82 , 83 ], cross layer, and cluster-based routing protocols are developed [ 84 ]. Existing routing protocols in WBAN communication can be considered for the developed WBAN communication model but will require modification to these protocol/s or the development of new protocols to cover all the requirements [ 85 ].…”

Section: General Healthcare Communication Standards and Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Access Control, Key Management, and Trust for Emerging Wireless Body Area Networks

Salehi Shahraki,

Lauer,

Grobler

et al. 2023

Sensors

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Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) are an emerging industrial technology for monitoring physiological data. These networks employ medical wearable and implanted biomedical sensors aimed at improving quality of life by providing body-oriented services through a variety of industrial sensing gadgets. The sensors collect vital data from the body and forward this information to other nodes for further services using short-range wireless communication technology. In this paper, we provide a multi-aspect review of recent advancements made in this field pertaining to cross-domain security, privacy, and trust issues. The aim is to present an overall review of WBAN research and projects based on applications, devices, and communication architecture. We examine current issues and challenges with WBAN communications and technologies, with the aim of providing insights for a future vision of remote healthcare systems. We specifically address the potential and shortcomings of various Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) architectures and communication schemes that are proposed to maintain security, privacy, and trust within digital healthcare systems. Although current solutions and schemes aim to provide some level of security, several serious challenges remain that need to be understood and addressed. Our aim is to suggest future research directions for establishing best practices in protecting healthcare data. This includes monitoring, access control, key management, and trust management. The distinguishing feature of this survey is the combination of our review with a critical perspective on the future of WBANs.

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Routing Protocols in Wireless Body Area Networks: Architecture, Challenges, and Classification

Cited by 21 publications

References 58 publications

HCEL: Hybrid Clustering Approach for Extending WBAN Lifetime

HCEL: Hybrid Clustering Approach for Extending WBAN Lifetime

Energy‐efficient resource allocation model for device‐to‐device communication in 5G wireless personal area networks

Access Control, Key Management, and Trust for Emerging Wireless Body Area Networks

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