Routing Strategies and Protocols for Efficient Data Transmission in the Internet of Vehicles: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) integrates wireless communication, vehicular technology, and the Internet to create intelligent transportation systems. Efficient routing of data packets within the IoV is crucial for seamless communication and service enablement. This paper provides a comprehensive review of routing strategies and protocols in the IoV environment, categorizing and evaluating existing approaches. Routing protocols are classified, their adaptability is assessed to network variations, and their performance is compared. Insights are drawn from researchers' experiences. The paper offers a taxonomy of routing protocols, highlights adaptability to network conditions, and presents a comparative analysis. Lessons from researchers shed light on practical implications. The review identifies key routing challenges in IoV and provides a valuable resource for understanding and addressing these challenges in future research.