RP-HPLC-Based Flavonoid Profiling Accompanied with Multivariate Analysis: An Efficient Approach for Quality Assessment of Houttuynia cordata Thunb Leaves and Their Commercial Products

Abstract

Chemical profiling for quality monitoring and evaluation of medicinal plants is gaining attention. This study aims to develop an HPLC method followed by multivariate analysis to obtain HPLC profiles of five specific flavonoids, including rutin (1), hyperin (2), isoquercitrin (3), quercitrin (4), and quercetin (5) from Houttuynia cordata leaves and powder products and assess the quality of H. cordata samples. Eventually, we successfully established HPLC-based flavonoid profiles and quantified the contents of 32 H. cordata fresh leave samples and four powder products. The study also quantified the contents of those five essential flavonoids using an optimized RP-HPLC method. Peak areas of samples were then investigated with principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) to evaluate the similarity and variance. Principal components in PCA strongly influenced by hyperin and quercetin showed that the samples were clustered into subgroups, demonstrating H. cordata samples’ quality. The results of HCA showed the similarity and divided the samples into seven subgroups. In conclusion, we have successfully developed a practical methodology that combined the HPLC-based flavonoid profiling and multivariate analysis for the quantification and quality control of H. cordata samples from fresh leaves and powder products. For further studies, we will consider various environmental factors, including climate and soil factors, to investigate their effects on the flavonoid contents of H. cordata.

Response surface methodology for aqueous two-phase system extraction: An unprecedented approach for the specific flavonoid-rich extraction of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. leaves towards acne treatment

“…Two main flavonoids in H. cordata extract, including hyperin and quercitrin, were evaluated using calibration curves that have been previously published [ 14 ].…”

“…Analysis of morphologic and growth traits of a geographic origin revealed that three significant flavonoids were hyperin, quercitrin, and quercetin, in which quercitrin variation was significantly correlated with plant morphology but not with geographic region [ 13 ]. Hyperin has been shown to be a crucial active ingredient in multivariate analysis for the quantification and quality control of H. cordata [ 14 ]. Furthermore, rutin H. cordata was proven to effectively prevent UV-induced damages associated with proinflammatory and prooxidative activity and protect cells against apoptosis [ 15 ].…”

“…However, to our best knowledge, there has yet to be a study on flavonoid-enriched extraction using the APTS method combined with the RSM-CCD technique. Previous studies have reported that hyperin and quercitrin exhibit higher concentrations compared to other flavonoids and are the primary flavonoids responsible for the main antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties in the H. cordata [ 13 , 14 , 24 ]. The present study aims to utilize the antibacterial effects of H. cordata extracts in formulating acne treatment gel.…”

A high-performance liquid chromatography method validation and a Box–Behnken experimental design for the extraction optimization of quercitrin from Nectandra reticulata

“…24 In total, four elution programs were tested (method 1-method 4). Method 1: 0-30 min, linear gradient from 5 to 70% B; [30][31][32][33] The presence of quercitrin in each chromatographic method was veried by matching the retention time and UV-vis spectrum with an authentic standard. Selection of the method was based on the response variables: number of peaks with chromatographic both area greater than 0.15 mAU min and minimum height of 2.5 mAU, peak width range, and resolution of the critical pair of chromatographic peaks.…”

“…Validation of reversed-phase (RP)high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detection (DAD) methods, following the ICH requirements, have been previously reported for the quantication of quecitrin extracted from leaves of e.g. Cosmos caudatus, 11 Houttuynia cordata Thunb, 12 Buchanania lanzan Spreng, and Buchanania siamensis Miq. 13 Once a proper validation method is developed, there are other aspects that are important to evaluate as they affect the concentration of a metabolite in an extract.…”