Running-Induced Fatigue Changes the Structure of Motor Variability in Novice Runners

Möhler, Felix; Fadillioglu, Cagla; Scheffler, Lucia; Müller, H.; Stein, Thorsten

doi:10.3390/biology11060942

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Thereby, the goal is to ensure that the parameters that are crucial for this goal are kept stable, whereas the less important parameters may vary on a larger scale. For the analysis of running in terms of the variability and stability of biomechanical parameters, different methods exist (e.g., uncontrolled manifold approach and tolerance noise covariation) and were applied in several studies [ 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Even though these methods are ideal for investigating the structure of motor variability in redundant solution spaces, they are not useful for distinguishing a target parameter [ 27 , 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Key Biomechanical Parameters According to the Expertise Level in Runners at Different Running Speeds

et al. 2022

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Running has become increasingly popular worldwide. Among runners, there exists a wide range of expertise levels. Investigating the differences between runners at two extreme levels, that is novices and experts, is crucial to understand the changes that occur as a result of multiple years of training. Vertical oscillation of center of mass (CoM), stride frequency normalized to the leg length, and duty factor, which describes the step time relative to the flight time, are key biomechanical parameters that have been shown to be closely related to the running economy and are used to characterize the running style. The variability characteristics of these parameters may reveal valuable information concerning the control of human locomotion. However, how the expertise level and running speed affect the variability of these key biomechanical parameters has not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of expertise level (novice vs. expert) and running speed (10 km/h vs. 15 km/h) on these parameters and their variability. It was hypothesized that expert runners would have lower vertical oscillation of CoM, normalized stride frequency, and duty factor and show less variability in these parameters. The parameters’ variability was operationalized by the coefficient of variation. The mean values and variability of these key biomechanical parameters according to expertise level and running speed were compared with rmANOVAs. The results showed that the experts had a lower duty factor and less variable vertical oscillation of CoM and normalized stride frequency, independently of the running speed. At a higher running speed, the variability of vertical oscillation of CoM was higher, whereas that of normalized stride frequency and duty factor did not change significantly. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study analyzing the effects of expertise level and running speed on the variability of key biomechanical parameters.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Key Biomechanical Parameters According to the Expertise Level in Runners at Different Running Speeds

et al. 2022

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Professional long distance runners achieve high efficiency at the cost of weak orbital stability

Panday,

Pathak,

Ahn

2024

Heliyon

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The effects of running shoe stack height on running style and stability during level running at different running speeds

Kettner,

Stetter,

Stein

2024

Preprint

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The footwear market contains a wide variety of running shoe solutions aiming at optimizing performance and minimizing injuries. Stack height is one of the most highly discussed design features of running shoes, but its effects are not yet well understood. This study investigated the effects of different shoes differing in their stack heights (H: 50 mm, M: 35 mm & L: 27 mm) on running style and stability during treadmill running at 10 and 15 km/h. A total of 17 healthy experienced runners participated in this study. The kinematic data were recorded with a 3D motion capturing system. The running style was investigated by a dual-axis framework with duty factor and leg length normalized to step frequency (SFnorm). Additionally, the ratio of landing to take-off duration, the lower body joint angle time series in the sagittal and frontal planes, the vertical center of mass oscillation (COMosc), and the stiffness parameters (kver & kleg) were compared for different conditions. The stability was analyzed using linear (i.e. discrete frontal ankle parameters) and nonlinear methods (i.e. Maximum Lyapunov Exponent for local dynamic stability of head, trunk, hip, and foot, and detrended fluctuation analysis of stride time). H resulted in longer steps with longer ground contact relative to stride time, and a higher COMosc comapred to L; and led to a longer foot eversion during stance compared to M. In addition, the local dynamic stability of the hip decreased with H in comparison with L. The higher stack heights (≥ 35 mm) led to a lower SFnorm at 15 km/h but not at 10 km/h. The remaining shoe effects were independent of the running speed. Findings showed that changes in stack height can affect running style. Furthermore, the highest stack height resulted in instabilities in some of the stability parameters which may be a critical issue in terms of injuries and performance. However, this study did not include joint load analysis or running performance measures such as VO2. Future studies may benefit from the combination of analysis approaches to better understand stack height effects on running injuries and performance.

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Running-Induced Fatigue Changes the Structure of Motor Variability in Novice Runners

Cited by 3 publications

References 54 publications

Changes in Key Biomechanical Parameters According to the Expertise Level in Runners at Different Running Speeds

Changes in Key Biomechanical Parameters According to the Expertise Level in Runners at Different Running Speeds

Professional long distance runners achieve high efficiency at the cost of weak orbital stability

The effects of running shoe stack height on running style and stability during level running at different running speeds

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