Running vacuum model in non-flat universe

Abstract

We investigate observational constraints on the running vacuum model (RVM) of Λ = 3ν(H 2 + K/a 2 ) + c 0 in the spatially curved universe, where ν is the model parameter, K corresponds to the spatial curvature constant, and c 0 is a constant defined by the boundary conditions. As Λ = 0, there are energy exchanges between vacuum, matter and radiation in RVM. We study the "geometrical degeneracy" of RVM on the CMB power spectra. By fitting the cosmological data, we find that the values of χ 2 in RVM and ΛCDM are similar to each other for the non-flat universe. Explicitly, we obtain the constraints of ν ≤ O(10 −4 ) (68 % C.L.) and |Ω K | ≤ O(10 −2 ) (95 % C.L.) in our study. In addition, we show that the cosmological constraints of Σm ν = 0.416 +0.311 −0.407 (RVM) and Σm ν = 0.497 +0.335 −0.387 (ΛCDM) at 95% C.L. for the neutrino mass sum are relaxed in both models in the spatially curved universe.