Runoff generation processes: results and analysis of field data collected at the East Central Supersite of the HAPEX-Sahel experiment

Peugeot, Christophe; Estèves, Michel; Galle, Sylvie; Rajot, Jean‐Louis; Vandervaere, Jean‐Pierre

doi:10.1016/s0022-1694(96)03159-9

Cited by 103 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…It is in agreement with the effects of superficial tillage practised on millet fields in the Sahel during manual weeding with a hoe or an 'iler' (Peugeot et al, 1997;Rockstrom & Valentin, 1997). Soil compaction does not appear to be the main cause for increased runoff at high stocking rates in these extremely sandy soils, unlike on the finer textured red duplex soils of Australia (Proffitt et al, 1995).…”

Section: 5supporting

confidence: 82%

Effects of livestock grazing on physical and chemical properties of sandy soils in Sahelian rangelands

Hiernaux¹,

Bielders²,

Valentin

et al. 1999

Journal of Arid Environments

180

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Section: 5supporting

confidence: 82%

Effects of livestock grazing on physical and chemical properties of sandy soils in Sahelian rangelands

Hiernaux¹,

Bielders²,

Valentin

et al. 1999

Journal of Arid Environments

180

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“…The coexistence of shrub and herb species can capture more resources with strong seed germination, initiating a positive feedback loop of autogenic rehabilitation. The runoff and sediment production mechanism under different vegetation cover and land use may be distinct (Peugeot et al, 1997;Puigdefábregas et al, 1998) even within the same rainfall event. In field studies of cropland and pastureland, variation in soil erosion with time can be explained reasonably well in cases where there was a change in cropping or tillage (Paningbatan et al, 1995;Presbitero et al, 1995) as well as the formation and development of soil crust (Luk and Cai, 1990;Zhu et al, 1997).…”

Section: The Variation Of Water and Soil Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relative efficiency of four representative cropland conversions in reducing water erosion: evidence from long‐term plots in the Loess hilly area, China

Huang

Chen

et al. 2006

Land Degrad Dev

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Large areas of traditional slope cropland were recently converted to other land-use types in the semiarid Loess Plateau of China. In this study, we selected four representative conversion options of slope croplands, i.e., pastureland rotated with cropland (cultivated with Medicago sativa L. and rotated with Triticum aestivum L.), shrubland and woodland (afforested with Hippophae rhamnoides L. and Pinus tabulaeformis), and grassland (native herbage Stipa breviflora) to study the effect of landuse conversion by comparing with traditional cropland. Compared with slope cropland, the relative effects of different conversion options on surface runoff and soil erosion were assessed over a 14-year measurement period. Observations showed that distinct features and consequences of vegetation succession were found among the conversion options. Plots of shrubland had the highest vegetation coverage with dense undergrowth; natural herbaceous and subshrub species gradually spread into plots of grassland resulting in higher vegetation cover. Neither bushes nor herbs colonized the plots of Pinus tabulaeformis, which resulted in a higher percentage of bare soil. Significant differences in runoff generation, sediment yield and conservation efficiencies among the selected conversion options were detected through an analyses of variance (ANOVA). Compared with cropland, total runoff and sediment decreased by 65 per cent and 95 per cent in shrubland, 41 per cent and 92Á5 per cent in grassland, 18 per cent and 77 per cent in woodland, and 12 per cent and 58 per cent in pastureland, respectively. The ranking of soil and water conservation efficiencies was shrubland > grassland > woodland > pastureland > cropland. Based on the effectiveness of soil and water conservation, shrubland and grassland are highly recommended as promising options for cropland conversion projects. However, pastureland and woodland are not suggested as potential options for slope-cropland conversion because of low soil and water conservation in the long term.

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“…Oustanding features of the hydrological working are now well established (Desconnets et al, 1997;Peugeot et al, 1997). Due to the degradation of the drainage network, the region is a juxtaposition of small endoreic catchments whose area is of the order of 1 km'.…”

Section: Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term rise in a Sahelian water-table: the Continental Terminal in South-West Niger

Leduc

Favreau

Schroeter³

2001

Journal of Hydrology

211

129

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The Continental Terminal water-table near Niamey (S-W Niger) has been the subject of a dense and detailed survey conducted over a period of almost 15 yr. The continuous rise in the groundwater level was unexpected but manifest and varied between 0.01 and 0.45 m yr-'. As shown by corroborating measurements made throughout the twentieth century, this rise has been taking place for much longer and present levels are the highest ever recorded. Since the beginning of the 1960s, groundwater resources have increased by up to 150% (+ 15% on median), in spite of the severe droughts of the 1970s and 1980s. Based on isotopic data, infiltration is estimated at around 5 mm yr-' for median over the long-term. Hydrodynamic observations show that in recent years it has exceeded 20 mm yr-'. The rise acceleration during the past decade is apparent from groundwater level chronicles. Even if fluctuations in rainfall may interfere, this phenomenon is mainly explained by a change in land-use. In this semi-arid area, intense land clearing has modified the hydraulic properties of the top cm of the soil and has consequently increased surface runoff. As runoff concentrates in temporary endoreic ponds and then infiltrates to the water-

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Runoff generation processes: results and analysis of field data collected at the East Central Supersite of the HAPEX-Sahel experiment

Cited by 103 publications

References 16 publications

Effects of livestock grazing on physical and chemical properties of sandy soils in Sahelian rangelands

Effects of livestock grazing on physical and chemical properties of sandy soils in Sahelian rangelands

The relative efficiency of four representative cropland conversions in reducing water erosion: evidence from long‐term plots in the Loess hilly area, China

Long-term rise in a Sahelian water-table: the Continental Terminal in South-West Niger

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