Runoff Losses in Nitrogen and Phosphorus From Paddy and Maize Cropping Systems: A Field Study in Dongjiang Basin, South China

Zeng, Feifan; Zuo, Zheng; Mo, Juncheng; Chen, Chengyu; Yang, Xingjian; Wang, Jinjin; Wang, Yi; Zhao, Zhong-Qiu; Chen, Tianyi; Li, Yongtao; Zhang, Zhen; Zheng, Hu; Xu, Huijuan

doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.675121

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…It indicated that Chinese farmers should put less than 120 kg ha -1 N fertilizer application to avoid benefit lost during alfalfa production. Moreover, the high N input also enhances losses through leaching, volatilization and denitrification ( Barker and Culman, 2020 ; Zeng et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yield and quality of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in response to fertilizer application in China: A meta-analysis

Wan

Li²,

Li³

2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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IntroductionIn China, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) often grows in marginal land with poor soil fertility and suboptimal climate conditions. Alfalfa production cannot meet demands both in yield and quality. It is necessary to apply fertilizers to achieve high yields and produce high-quality alfalfa in China. However, there is no understanding on the impact of fertilizer application on alfalfa production and the possible optimal application rates across China.MethodsWe conducted a meta-analysis to explore the contribution of fertilizer application to the yield and quality of alfalfa based on a dataset from 86 studies published between 2004 and 2022.Results and DiscussionThe results showed that fertilizer application not only increased alfalfa yield by 19.2% but also improved alfalfa quality by increasing crude protein (CP) by 7.7% and decreasing acid detergent fibre by 2.9% and neutral detergent fibre by 1.8% overall compared to the non-fertilizer control levels. The combined nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) and combined NP fertilizer applications achieved the greatest yield and CP concentration increases of 27.0% and 13.5%, respectively. Considering both yield and quality, the optimal rate of fertilizer application ranged from 30 to 60 kg ha-1 for N, 120 to 150 kg ha-1 for P and less than 120 kg ha-1 for K. Meta-analysis further showed that the effect of fertilizer application on yield was greater in low soil organic matter (SOM) soils than in high SOM soils. In conclusion, fertilizer application is an effective strategy to improve the yield and quality of alfalfa in China, especially that grown in low SOM soils. This study is helpful for optimizing fertilization schedules of alfalfa in China.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yield and quality of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in response to fertilizer application in China: A meta-analysis

Wan

Li²,

Li³

2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…And this area is a densely populated and intensively farm region with a high cropping index (i.e., the average number of annual crop seasons). The experimental soil used was acid red soil, with a depth of 0 cm to 60 cm, which is a typical soil type in South China ( Zeng et al., 2021 ). The topsoil had the following physicochemical characteristics: bulk density of 1.26 g·cm -3 , soil pH of 5.83, soil organic matter of 15.49 g·kg -1 , total phosphorus of 0.16 g·kg -1 , and total nitrogen (TN) of 1.05 g·kg -1 , with alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen of 35.16 g·kg -1 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, runoff and leaching are the main processes of nitrogen loss ( Chen et al., 2022 ). Currently, numerous studies have examined nitrogen runoff loss in paddy fields of South China ( Ding et al., 2016 ; Issaka et al., 2019 ; Zeng et al., 2021 ). In our previous study, we found a 31.7% reduction in nitrogen loss from paddy field runoff in the SWI groups compared to that in the traditional irrigation (TI) groups ( Zeng et al., 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, numerous studies have examined nitrogen runoff loss in paddy fields of South China ( Ding et al., 2016 ; Issaka et al., 2019 ; Zeng et al., 2021 ). In our previous study, we found a 31.7% reduction in nitrogen loss from paddy field runoff in the SWI groups compared to that in the traditional irrigation (TI) groups ( Zeng et al., 2021 ). However, limited studies are available on nitrogen leaching loss from paddy fields in South China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shallow wet irrigation reduces nitrogen leaching loss rate in paddy fields by microbial regulation and lowers rate of downward migration of leaching water: a 15N-tracer study

Chen,

Yang,

Zuo

et al. 2024

Front. Plant Sci.

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China consumes 35% of the world’s fertilizer every year; however, most of the nitrogen fertilizers, which are essential for rice cultivation, are not used effectively. In this study, factors affecting the nitrogen leaching loss rate were studied in typical soil and rice varieties in South China. The effects of various irrigation measures on rice growth and nitrogen leaching loss were investigated by conducting experiments with eight groups. These groups included traditional irrigation (TI) and shallow wet irrigation (SWI). The TI is a common irrigation method for farmers in South China, maintaining a water layer of 5-8 cm depth. For SWI, after establishing a shallow water layer usually maintaining at 1-2 cm, paddy is irrigated when the field water level falls to a certain depth, then this process is then repeat as necessary. The nitrogen distribution characteristics were determined using 15N isotope tracing. In addition, the effects of nitrification, denitrification, and microbial composition on soil nitrogen transformation at different depths were studied by microbial functional gene quantification and high-throughput sequencing. The results revealed that in the SWI groups, the total nitrogen leaching loss rate reduced by 0.3-0.8% and the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) increased by 2.18-4.43% compared with those in the TI groups. After the 15N-labeled nitrogen fertilizer was applied, the main pathways of nitrogen were found to be related to plant absorption and nitrogen residues. Furthermore, paddy soil ammonia-oxidizing archaea were more effective than ammonia-oxidizing bacteria for soil ammonia oxidation by SWI groups. The SWI measures increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes in paddy soil, enhancing the ability of rice to fix nitrogen to produce ammonium nitrogen, thus reducing the dependence of rice on chemical fertilizers. Moreover, SWI enhanced the relative abundance of nirS and nosZ genes within surface soil bacteria, thereby promoting denitrification in the surface soil of paddy fields. SWI also promoted ammonia oxidation and denitrification by increasing the abundance and activity of Proteobacteria, Nitrospirae, and Bacteroidetes. Collectively, SWI effectively reduced the nitrogen leaching loss rate and increase NUE.

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“…Some of the nutrients in the slope soil are lost with runoff via dissolution in surface water, while some are lost with sediment via adsorption in soil particles (Zeng et al, 2021). When the wind direction was constant, the loss of different forms of N and P along with runoff and sediment increased with rainfall intensity, indicating that there was a synergistic interaction between rainfall intensity and nutrient loss.…”

Section: N and P Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil erosion and nutrient loss due to changes in rainfall intensity under different wind directions

Chen

et al. 2023

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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In nature, wind often occurs simultaneously with rainfall, causing nutrient loss in soil and water on slopes. However, the influence of different rainfall intensities combined with different wind directions on soil erosion and nutrient loss remains unclear. This study utilized wind‐driven rainfall laboratory flume experiments to analyse the influence of different wind directions (windward, leeward and crosswind) and rainfall intensities (30, 60 and 90 mm h−1) with constant wind speed (5 m s−1) on slope runoff, sediment yield and the associated losses of different forms of N ( , ) and P ( ‐P). The response of soil erosion, N and P loss to rainfall changes with different wind directions. When the rainfall intensity was constant, runoff, sediment yield and sediment‐associated total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) losses on slopes showed a trend of leeward > crosswind > windless > windward, whereas runoff‐associated TN and TP losses showed a trend of windward > crosswind > windless > leeward. Runoff, sediment yield and sediment‐associated TN and TP losses on leeward slopes were 1.09–1.17, 1.25–1.44, 1.33–1.62, and 1.40–1.66 times than windless slopes. Moreover, with constant wind direction, the runoff, sediment yield and associated N and P losses increased significantly with increasing rainfall intensity. When the rainfall intensity increased from 30 to 60 and 90 mm h−1, the runoff, sediment yield and associated TN and TP losses increased 2.02–2.28, 3.65–5.35, 3.96–34.39 and 4.28–8.45 times, respectively. The effects of rainfall on soil erosion and nutrient loss were significantly greater than those of wind. The loss of different forms of N and P associated with runoff and sediment was consistent with that of TN and TP losses. However, with an increase in rainfall intensity, the growth rates of runoff, sediment yield and associated N and P losses exhibited a gradually weakening trend for all wind directions. An increase in rainfall intensity enhanced the vertical vector force of wind‐driven rainfall, which increasingly decreased the angle between the rain incidence and the normal line of the horizon; therefore, the direction of the rain erosion force gradually approached that of windless conditions.

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Runoff Losses in Nitrogen and Phosphorus From Paddy and Maize Cropping Systems: A Field Study in Dongjiang Basin, South China

Abstract: Graphical AbstractThe experimental location and setup details.

Cited by 20 publications

References 36 publications

Yield and quality of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in response to fertilizer application in China: A meta-analysis

Yield and quality of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in response to fertilizer application in China: A meta-analysis

Shallow wet irrigation reduces nitrogen leaching loss rate in paddy fields by microbial regulation and lowers rate of downward migration of leaching water: a 15N-tracer study

Soil erosion and nutrient loss due to changes in rainfall intensity under different wind directions

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