Rural typology with and inductive approach

Where to Revitalize, and How? A Rural Typology Zoning for China

“…The first methodological task of this study is to establish a system of indicators for evaluating the current status and potential of rural revitalization in China from the perspective of factor endowments. Based on a review of literature on rural typology, the factors affecting village development can be divided into three main categories [16]. The first category is socioeconomic indicators, which mainly include population size and density, labor force, employment, basic education, health care, market services, location, and other factors [21,22,26].…”

“…The typology of the Plan based on factor endowments is in line with the basic theory of development economics [13,14], and is also embedded in the idea of rural typology [15]. Rural typology asserts that rural land can be divided into identifiable and relatively homogeneous units and that the identification of such units facilitates the understanding of rural character, administration, and policymaking [15][16][17][18]. The Plan, though, does not specify how the four types of villages are identified, nor does it give any zoning maps of the distribution of the four types of villages across the country at any granularity.…”

“…Based on the literature on rural typology and considering the characteristics of rural China, we develop a village classification indicator system. Based on the aforementioned literature [16], there are three main categories of factors affecting village development: Regarding the basic spatial analysis unit, there is no doubt that it is ideal to classify village types at the village level. However, this paper still implements rural typology at the township level, for two reasons.…”

“…Based on the literature on rural typology and considering the characteristics of rural China, we develop a village classification indicator system. Based on the aforementioned literature [16], there are three main categories of factors affecting village development: natural environmental, socioeconomic, and "change" factors. Accordingly, we designate the natural environmental, socioeconomic, and transportation location indicators as the three primary indicators.…”

“…Rusu used 25 indicators of climate change, population density, modernization, intensification, financial capital, and education level under a two-level classification system to distinguish spatial differences in rural vulnerability in the Danube region using factor analysis and cluster analysis [24]. Beyazli et al used multivariate statistical analysis techniques to typify rural villages in the Black Sea region of Turkey based on 43 variables such as population and migration, economic structure, transportation and accessibility, quality of life and welfare, environmental issues, and pressure on natural resources [16]. We can find from the context of the literature that the indicators involved in rural typology have become increasingly rich, the typology more detailed, and the methods more developed, including principal component analysis and spatial clustering [25].…”