S-allyl Cysteine and Taurine revert peripheral metabolic and lipid profile in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus animals: Combination vs Monotherapy

Abstract

The present study was designed to evaluate the beneficial synergistic effects of S-allyl Cysteine (SAC) and Taurine (TAU) on hyperglycemia, lipid profile and renal damage markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in rats. Experimental T2DM was developed by administering an intraperitoneal single dose of nicotinamide (NA; 230 mg/kg) and streptozotocin (STZ; 65 mg/ kg) in adult rats. Control and diabetic rats were treated with SAC (150 mg/kg); TAU (200 mg/ kg) or SAC and TAU (75+100 mg/kg) combination for four weeks. Measurements of traditional markers of kidney toxicity in serum, such as blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), together with serum cholesterol/triglyceride such as serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) may yield a snapshot of renal damage and lipid profile in NA/STZ-treated rats. The variation in levels of fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin and lipid profile was significantly augmented in SAC/TAU treatment group. The diabetic group showed elevated renal injury markers in serum, which were decreased significantly by SAC/TAU treatment. Thus the results of the experiment clearly indicate the potential of the SAC/TAU combination in improving diabetic complications.

S-allyl cysteine and Taurine attenuate diabetic nephropathy in rats via the inhibition of oxidative stress and recovering histopathological changes

“…In our previous in vitro study, SAC and TAU combination was reported to have strong antioxidant and antidiabetic properties, indicating its potential for treating hyperglycemia and related complications (Rais, Ved, Ahmad, Parveen, & Mujeeb, 2021). According to an in vivo study, giving TAU and SAC-derivative (N-acetylcysteine) to male Sprague Dawley rats restored metabolic markers as a result of their strong antioxidant properties, which they exhibited through preventing oxidative reactions (Haber et al ., 2003).…”

“…After the administration of NA/STZ, the animals were permitted standardized food and water access ad libitum . Blood glucose was evaluated after two days, and the animals with glucose level ≈140 ± 8 mg/dl were categorized as diabetics and recruited for further investigation (Masiello et al ., 1998; Rais et al ., 2023).…”

“…NAD + is a significant redox reaction coenzyme that is essential for the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as well as several other metabolic processes. Therefore, some of the pancreatic β-cells remain unharmed by administering NA and are capable of secreting insulin to induce a model of T2DM (Masiello, 2006; Masiello et al ., 1998; Rais et al ., 2023).…”

“…(Ahmadi & Mehranjani, 2021; Bhattacharjee, Prajapati, & Krishnamurthy, 2021; Heidari, Jamshidzadeh, Ghanbarinejad, Ommati, & Niknahad, 2018); SAC/TAU combination (75 + 100 mg/kg, b.w.) (Rais et al ., 2023) and glibenclamide (GL; 10 mg/kg, b.w.) as a standard drug (He et al ., 2021; Nguyen, Pham, Luong, Le, & Vo, 2020) as five treatment regimens were given separately to five groups of animals.…”