Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cell Wall-Based Adsorbent Reduces Aflatoxin B1 Absorption in Rats

Abstract

Mycotoxins are naturally occurring toxins that can affect livestock health and performance upon consumption of contaminated feedstuffs. To mitigate the negative effects of mycotoxins, sequestering agents, adsorbents, or binders can be included to feed to interact with toxins, aiding their passage through the gastrointestinal tract (GI) and reducing their bioavailability. The parietal cell wall components of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been found to interact in vitro with mycotoxins, such as, but not limited to, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), and to improve animal performance when added to contaminated diets in vivo. The present study aimed to examine the pharmacokinetics of the absorption of radiolabeled AFB1 in rats in the presence of a yeast cell wall-based adsorbent (YCW) compared with that in the presence of the clay-based binder hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS). The results of the initial pharmacokinetic analysis showed that the absorption process across the GI tract was relatively slow, occurring over a matter of hours rather than minutes. The inclusion of mycotoxin binders increased the recovery of radiolabeled AFB1 in the small intestine, cecum, and colon at 5 and 10 h, revealing that they prevented AFB1 absorption compared with a control diet. Additionally, the accumulation of radiolabeled AFB1 was more significant in the blood plasma, kidney, and liver of animals fed the control diet, again showing the ability of the binders to reduce the assimilation of AFB1 into the body. The results showed the potential of YCW in reducing the absorption of AFB1 in vivo, and in protecting against the damaging effects of AFB1 contamination.

Ameliorative Effect of Nanocurcumin and/or Saccharomyces Cell Wall Against Aflatoxicosis in Broilers

“…Moreover, the photomicrograph of livers of broiler chicks fed a atoxin with saccharomyces cell wall showed the same results as Yalçin et al [17]. On the other side, the normal photomicrograph of the liver of the a atoxin+ combination group in the present study may be due to the bio adsorbing feature of the functional ingredients in YCW (beta-glucan and mannan oligosaccharides ) as reported by Yiannikouris et al [30] and detoxi cation effect of curcumin nanoparticles as reported by Yu & Huang [59]. Previous studies have shown that curcumin detoxi cation mechanisms, including inhibition of AFB1 phase I enzyme-mediated biotransformation and phase II enzyme activity up-regulation, can control the carcinogenic effects induced by AFB1 and the toxic effects attributed to the positive regulation of cells [65].…”

“…On the other side, the signi cant effect of Saccharomyces cell wall on carcass yield is compatible with the results of dos Santos et al [23] who reported that the Saccharomyces cell wall improve carcass yield and characteristics of a atoxicated broilers. Moreover, the signi cant increase of the breast muscle in the a atoxin +combination group (G5) may be attributable to the favorable effect of nanocurcumin in elevating the crude protein content of broiler breast meat [29] and protective effects of the functional ingredients in YCW (beta-glucan and mannan oligosaccharides) [30]. As well, the relative weight of the liver in the a atoxicated group (G2) shows a signi cant increase when compared with the other groups.…”

“…This result is consistent with that obtained by Chang et al [69] in the brain cell of rats. On the other side, the expression of the NFkB P65 in the liver tissue of the a atoxin+ combination group was markedly decreased, which may be due to the anti-in ammatory and protective effects of the functional ingredients in YCW (betaglucan and mannan oligosaccharides ) [30] and detoxi cation effect of curcumin nanoparticles [59].…”

Ameliorative effect of nanocurcumin and Saccharomyces cell wall alone and in combination against aflatoxicosis in broilers

“…These findings are compatible with the results of dos Santos et al [ 30 ], who reported that the Saccharomyces cell wall improves the carcass yield and characteristics of aflatoxicated broilers. Moreover, the significant increase of the breast muscle in the group that received Saccharomyces cell wall and Nanocurcumin in combination to the aflatoxin-contaminated diet (G5) may be attributable to the favorable effect of nanocurcumin in elevating the crude protein content of broiler breast meat [ 40 ] and the protective effects of the functional ingredients in YCW (beta-glucan and mannan oligosaccharides) [ 41 ]. As well, the relative weight of the liver in the aflatoxicated group (G2) showed a significant increase when compared with the other groups.…”

Risk-Benefit Assessment of Feed Additives in the One Health Perspective

“…Search for new binders is warranted by the predictable increase of the aflatoxin issue elicited by climate changes. These include natural clays and ashes from developing countries ( 43 ), yeast wall components ( 42 , 54 ), agricultural by-products ( 40 , 55 ), molecularly imprinted polymers ( 41 ) and nanomaterials ( 56 ). In particular, nanomaterials may operate through different modes of actions either by inhibiting the mold growth, mycotoxin adsorption, and also by reducing the toxic effect ( 57 ).…”