China has successively released development plans at the national level, and clearly put forward the development goals of transportation in the near future and in the middle of the world. Water transportation is an important part of transportation. Jilin Province is rich in water transportation resources, and the demand for water transportation has been increasing in recent years. This paper studies the development plan of waterway transportation in Jilin Province. On the basis of summarizing the current situation of waterway transportation, it summarizes the development characteristics, analyzes the economic situation and transportation demand that have a greater impact on waterway transportation, and predicts the passenger and freight volume of various types of goods. The future development trend predicts the representative ship type. Based on the above research, this paper proposes the port and waterway layout planning, clarifies the overall planning objectives of Jilin Province's waterway transportation development, and proposes the waterway layout and port layout planning. According to the research, important regional ports include Changchun Port, Jilin Port, Baicheng Port, Songyuan Port and Siping Port; general ports include Tonghua Port, Baishan Port and Yanbian Port. The overall layout of the waterway is to build the main skeleton of "one vertical, three horizontal and one waterway". The paper can provide technical support for Jilin Province to formulate relevant plans.