Safflower polysaccharides activate the transcription factor NF-κB via Toll-like receptor 4 and induce cytokine production by macrophages

Ando, Izuru; Tsukumo, Yoshinori; Wakabayashi, Tetsuya; Akashi, Shigeo; Miyake, Kensuke; Kataoka, Takao; Nagai, Kazuo

doi:10.1016/s1567-5769(02)00076-0

Cited by 122 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Recently, several polysac- charides were shown to have high bioactivity and the action could be associated with the activation of TLR4 in macrophages, T cells and B cells, suggesting that the pharmacological effects of some polysaccharides were probably mediated via TLR4. 39,40) Moreover, three polysaccharide fractions were subjected to monosaccharide composition analysis by a new HPCE method. The developed HPCE method is accurate, sensitive and useful for the quantification of the active polysaccharide ingredients in A. sinensis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Component and Antioxidant Properties of Polysaccharide Fractions Isolated from Angelica sinensis (OLIV.) DIELS

Yang

Zhao

Yan-juan

et al. 2007

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Oxidative stress is thought to play a key role in macrophage foam cell formation which is the hallmark of the early atherosclerotic lesion. 1,2) Oxidative stress is associated with lipid peroxidation in lipoproteins and in arterial cells, including macrophages.3,4) These "oxidized macrophages" are characterized by increased peroxide levels, decreased glutathione content, and increased capability to oxidize lowdensity lipoprotein. 5,6) These properties of the cells increase their capability to accumulate cholesterol and to form macrophage foam cells. 7,8) Antioxidants can reduce the cellular oxidative stress by inhibiting the formation of superoxide anions, and by detoxification of reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species through upregulation of cellular defense mechanisms, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, or glutathione peroxidase. 9,10) Naturally occurring antioxidants in plants are classified as vitamins, phenolic compounds, tannins, volatile compounds and so on. Among them, herbs have received much attention as preventive medicines and ingredients in a variety of processed foods because they have beneficial health effects such as antioxidant and antibacterial activity.11) In recent years, polysaccharides from plant origin have also emerged as a relevant class of bioactive natural products and the great advances have been made in chemical and biological studies of natural polysaccharides as new safe plant-based health foods. 12-15)Angelica sinensis (OLIV.) DIELS is a herbaceous perennial plant mainly distributed in the northwest of China. The root is variously called Dang Gui or Dong Quai. It has been traditionally applied to the treatment of gynecological disorders (e.g., menstrual disorders, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, anemia, premenstrual syndrome, menopause) for thousands of years in Asia. 16,17) It was first introduced into the West in 1899 by Merck in the form of a liquid extract named "Eumenol" and was presently marketed in the United States as a dietary supplement, with numerous products being marketed worldwide. 18,19) In recent years, it was also reported that the polysaccharide extracts from A. sinensis possessed significant immunomodulatory activity. 20) However, it is not known whether A. sinensis polysaccharides have any direct antioxidant effects and more detailed work is needed on the elucidation of the sugar composition and antioxidant activities of active polysaccharides.In the present study, we isolated and purified three A. sinensis polysaccharide fractions (APFs), designed as APF1, APF2 and APF3 from the roots of A. sinensis and the antioxidant activities of APFs against hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 )-mediated oxidative stress were evaluated in isolated mouse peritoneal macrophages. Furthermore, the sugar composition in APFs was also characterized by high-performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE). Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an 710062, China: and b Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an 710032, China. Received March 30, ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Component and Antioxidant Properties of Polysaccharide Fractions Isolated from Angelica sinensis (OLIV.) DIELS

Yang

Zhao

Yan-juan

et al. 2007

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…5). So far, taxol, AILb-A and polysaccharide of safflower have been reported as plant-derived TLR ligands [52][53][54]. We also previously revealed that particular soybean had TLR2 and TLR4 ligands and induced Type-1 immune responses via IL-12 production from DCs in both mouse and human systems [55].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Extracts of Larix Leptolepis effectively augments the generation of tumor antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes via activation of dendritic cells in TLR-2 and TLR-4-dependent manner

Koizumi

Masuko

Wakita

et al. 2012

Cellular Immunology

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“…Data from this study opens the door for future investigation of the possible association between the extracts polysaccharide fractions physicochemical properties and the extracts ability to up-regulate or down-regulate TLR4 receptor expression. TLR4 has been shown to be expressed in murine macrophages activated by Carthamus tinctorius polysaccharides [54]. Studies which used TLR 4-deficient mice indicates that TLR4 is involved in murine macrophage recognition and activation of Platycodon grandiflorum polysaccharides [55] and Levan polysaccharide fraction from fermented soybean mucilage [56].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulation and Suppression of Innate Immune Function by American Ginseng Polysaccharides: Biological Relevance and Identification of Bioactives

2014

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Safflower polysaccharides activate the transcription factor NF-κB via Toll-like receptor 4 and induce cytokine production by macrophages

Cited by 122 publications

References 17 publications

Component and Antioxidant Properties of Polysaccharide Fractions Isolated from Angelica sinensis (OLIV.) DIELS

Component and Antioxidant Properties of Polysaccharide Fractions Isolated from Angelica sinensis (OLIV.) DIELS

Extracts of Larix Leptolepis effectively augments the generation of tumor antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes via activation of dendritic cells in TLR-2 and TLR-4-dependent manner

Stimulation and Suppression of Innate Immune Function by American Ginseng Polysaccharides: Biological Relevance and Identification of Bioactives

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