Salicylic acid and H₂O₂ function by independent pathways in the induction of freezing tolerance in potato

Abstract

The effects of salicylic acid (SA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on freezing tolerance were studied in two potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivars (Alpha and Atlantic) that differ in cold sensitivity, Alpha being more tolerant to freezing than Atlantic. Lowest freezing survival rates were observed in 4‐week‐old plants. Freezing treatments consisting of exposure to 6° C for 4 h in the dark were applied 24 h after plants had been transferred from in vitro culture to soil. Catalase activity and H2O2 were estimated at the following harvest points: stage (a) 4‐week‐old in vitro plants treated with either 0.1 mM SA or 5 mM H2O2; stage (b) as in (a) but 24 h following transfer to soil prior to freezing treatment; stage (c) as in (b) but measured 15 days after a 4‐h freezing treatment. The results show that (1) SA induced freezing tolerance in both cultivars; (2) SA inhibited ascorbate peroxidase activities in both cultivars at all harvest points but inhibited catalase activities in only at stage (a); (3) SA induced H2O2 accumulation only in Atlantic at stage (a); (4) H2O2 enhanced shoot catalase activities in Atlantic at stages (a) and (b) whereas this treatment had no effect on shoot catalase activities in Alpha; (5) H2O2 treatment induced freezing tolerance in Atlantic, even though shoot catalase activities were lower than those of the controls following exposure to freezing temperatures. We conclude that SA does not always lead to H2O2 accumulation even though catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities are decreased as a result of the treatment. Moreover, H2O2 accumulation is not always associated with the induction of freezing tolerance, for example at stage (a) where SA‐induced tolerance in Alpha was not accompanied by H2O2 accumulation. H2O2 was able to induce freezing tolerance only in Atlantic, even though H2O2 accumulated in both cultivars following this treatment.

Changes in Hydrogen Peroxide Levels and Catalase Isoforms Expression are Induced with Freezing Tolerance by Abscisic Acid in Potato Microplants

“…1.2 to 2.1 mol g -1 in this treatment (Yang et al, 2007). These values are comparable to H 2 O 2 in potato microplants in this and previous papers (López-Delgado et al, 1998;Mora-Herrera et al, 2005). The increase from ca.…”

“…and experimental stages (n = 6). This was also seen in treatments with another class of protective growth regulators, the salicylates (López-Delgado et al, 1998;Mora-Herrera et al, 2005). The H 2 O 2 increment in culture with these growth regulators was notably consistent.…”

“…Alpha and cv. Atlantic, from the Germplasm Bank of the National Potato Program of the National Institute for Forestry Agriculture and Livestock Research (INIFAP), Toluca, México, were micropropagated as nodal cuttingsin vitro at 20 °C, following previous protocols (Mora-Herrera et al, 2005). In every experiment, 24 microplants were cultured per treatment, and pooled into samples to achieve the weight required for the particular measurement.…”

“…These transplanted microplants were kept for 24 h at 20 °C under a 16 h photoperiod (fluorescent lights, 35 µmol m 2 s -1 , 400-700 nm), to allow recovery from the stress of transplantation, prior to exposure to -6 1 °C in darkness for 4 h, as previously (Mora-Herrera et al, 2005). H 2 O 2 and catalase measurements were performed immediately after this freezing incubation.…”

“…H 2 O 2 was measured by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence, as in Mora-Herrera et al (2005), in 3 experiments, with 3 samples per treatment, and each assay replicated 6 times.…”