Salinity gradients exacerbate the genotoxicity and bioaccumulation of silver nanoparticles in fingerling Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus)

Bioaccumulation and human risk assessment of inorganic nanoparticles in aquaculture species

“…Several studies regarding NPs bioaccumulation in biota under controlled laboratory conditions have been reported. The conclusions obtained from these studies depend greatly on the fish/mollusc species under investigation (carp fish, 7,35,36 rainbow trout, 9,37 silver barb, 10 Persian sturgeon, 38 zebrafish, 39 goldfish, 26,27 turbot, 30,40 mussel, [41][42][43] red swamp crayfish, 44 clam, [45][46][47][48] and oyster 42 ), as well as the NPs exposure doses (from μg L −1 to mg L −1 ) and the exposure time (from hours to several days). On the other hand, water salinity 9,38 and the presence of organic matter 35,39 have also been found as important parameters affecting the bioaccumulation trends.…”

“…These findings are in good agreement with those previously reported for Ag in fish after Ag NPs and TiO 2 NPs exposure, which have revealed poor bioaccumulation in fish's muscle. 7,9,26,27,30,[36][37][38][39][40] Regarding liver tissues, Fig. S1 (ESI †) shows that Ag is bioaccumulated from the beginning of the experiment (sampling at 15 days) with maximum bioaccumulation in the middle of the exposure time (between 15 and 60 days) and decreasing at the end of the experiment (sampling at 75 and 90 days) when using the highest exposure doses (0.75 and 1.5 mg kg −1 ).…”

“…These findings are in good agreement with those previously reported for Ag in fish after Ag NPs and TiO 2 NPs exposure, which have revealed poor bioaccumulation in fish's muscle. 7,9,26,27,30,36–40…”

Water physicochemical factors and oxidative stress physiology in fish, a review

“…It generally triggers them to fight these stress responses by adapting to changes (Chainy et al, 2016;Paital et al, 2016;Fras-Espericueta et al, 2022). When there is a change in the amount of dissolved salts or ions in the surrounding water, fish endure salinity stress, and when salinity is combined with other factors, it can be manifested changes at biochemical and histopathological levels in fish (Banan et al, 2020b(Banan et al, , 2022. This can happen naturally, like when the tides change or in an estuary, or it can be caused by people, like when runoff from farms or land-salted water gets into the river, ponds, or other freshwater sources (Xing et al, 2022).…”

Toxicity and Molecular Mechanisms of Actions of Silver Nanoparticles

“…For instance, AgNPs can build up in a variety of organs and tissues, including the liver and kidneys, where they can contribute to oxidative stress, DNA damage, and inflammation, all of which can result in a number of diseases, including cancer, neurological disorders, and respiratory illnesses. Additionally, AgNPs may harm aquatic animals and lead to ecological imbalances in aquatic habitats [18]. AgNPs, for example, can build up in fish tissues, alter their motility, and lower their capacity for reproduction, endangering the survival of aquatic species.…”