Saliva as a Diagnostic Medium

Pink, Richard; Šimek, Jiřı́; Vondráková, Jana; Faber, Edgar; Michl, Petr; Pazdera, J; Indrák, Karel

doi:10.5507/bp.2009.017

Cited by 104 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…As such, saliva can play an important role in the early detection and monitoring of drug use. 20 Furthermore, various studies have shown that altered salivary pH, BC and ALP levels are associated with the formation or development of dental caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, diabetes, orthodontic tooth movements, cancer, abdominal inflammatory diseases and the early onset of menopause. 3,4,12,13,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] In the current study, salivary pH was lower among smokers in comparison to non-smokers; although the mean values found seem to reflect a minimal difference between the two groups (7.42 versus 7.52, respectively), even very small alterations in pH can influence salivary enzyme activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Salivary pH, Buffering Capacity and Alkaline Phosphatase in Smokers and Healthy Non-Smokers: Retrospective cohort study

Ahmadi‐Motamayel¹,

Falsafi²,

Goodarzi³

et al. 2016

SQUMJ

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abstract:Objectives: Saliva contains alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-a key intracellular enzyme related to destructive processes and cellular damage-and has buffering capacity (BC) against acids due to the presence of bicarbonate and phosphate ions. Smoking may have deleterious effects on the oral environment due to pH changes which can affect ALP activity. This study aimed to evaluate the salivary pH, BC and ALP activity of male smokers and healthy non-smokers. Methods: This retrospective cohort study took place between August 2012 and December 2013. A total of 251 healthy male non-smokers and 259 male smokers from Hamadan, Iran, were selected. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from each participant and pH and BC were determined using a pH meter. Salivary enzymes were measured by spectrophotometric assay. Results: Mean salivary pH (7.42 ± 0.48 and 7.52 ± 0.43, respectively; P = 0.018) and BC (3.41 ± 0.54 and 4.17 ± 0.71; P = 0.001) was significantly lower in smokers compared to non-smokers. Mean ALP levels were 49.58 ± 23.33 IU/L among smokers and 55.11 ± 27.85 IU/L among non-smokers (P = 0.015). Conclusion: Significantly lower pH, BC and ALP levels were observed among smokers in comparison to a healthy control group. These salivary alterations could potentially be utilised as biochemical markers for the evaluation of oral tissue function and side-effects among smokers. Further longitudinal studies are recommended to evaluate the effects of smoking on salivary components.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Salivary pH, Buffering Capacity and Alkaline Phosphatase in Smokers and Healthy Non-Smokers: Retrospective cohort study

Ahmadi‐Motamayel¹,

Falsafi²,

Goodarzi³

et al. 2016

SQUMJ

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“…Abnormal promoter hypermethylation was also detected in the matched saliva sample in 65% of OSCC patients. 52 Cyclin D1 gene amplifi cation has been found to be associated with poor prognosis in OSCC. 53 In another study, Ki67 markers were increased, while 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase, phosphorylated-Src and mammary serine protease inhibitor (Maspin) were found decreased in the saliva of patients with OSCC.…”

Section: Mechanisms That Lead To the Presence Of Genotypic And Phenotmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Saliva as a Diagnostic Fluid in Determination of Oral Cancer

Vahanwala¹,

Mukherji²

2014

International Journal of Head and Neck Surgery

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Today's world technology has evolved and we have been able to evaluate certain phenomenon that occurs before manifestation of observable clinical symptoms. Every health care worker has a dream of a perfect diagnosis so that correct service whether medical or surgical, care can be facilitated to the patient. Cancer is one such disease where tracking the tell-tale signs is essential. The one factor behind oral cancer's high mortality is the challenge in its early detection. Despite the scepticism in the scientifi c community and the conservatism of the patients, saliva seems to emerge as a valuable tool in cancer diagnostics and mass screening of the population. An attempt to integrate the simultaneous testing of different salivary molecular markers in order to raise the possibility of an accurate diagnosis by simply using micro-and nanoelectricmechanical systems biosensors is on the way raising much hope in its future applications.

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“…The pace of research into saliva as a diagnostic medium has accelerated in recent years with the advent of new techniques, which have provided a wealth of information regarding the biochemical and physicochemical properties of saliva. The applications of saliva as a diagnostic medium have been summarised elsewhere and the potential for early detection of systemic diseases or exposure to harmful substances has been demonstrated (Pink et al, 2009;Walsh, 2007). The complexity, biological significance of saliva and the advancements in analytical technology have shown the immense potential of this matrix in metabolite profiling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Saliva has the advantage of allowing non-invasive sample collection and substances present in saliva are in their biologically active form (Pink et al, 2009). The pace of research into saliva as a diagnostic medium has accelerated in recent years with the advent of new techniques, which have provided a wealth of information regarding the biochemical and physicochemical properties of saliva.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%