Saliva as a Diagnostic Tool in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma – a Systematic Review with Meta Analysis

Shree, K Hema; Ramani, Pratibha; Sherlin, Herald J; Gheena, S; Jeyaraj, Gifrrina; Don, K. R.; Santhanam, Archana; Ramasubramanian, Abilasha; Sundar, Raghav

doi:10.1007/s12253-019-00588-2

Cited by 65 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Kaur et al [66] identified elevated levels in the salivary and serum samples of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF in patients diagnosed with oral leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis, and lichen planus, suggesting the high potential of these cytokines as biomarkers as they can be directly associated with oral precancerous lesions. The results of the meta-analysis performed by Shree et al [87] presented the fact that IL-8 is defined as a biomarker with a moderate sensitivity and specificity and acts as an angiogenic factor in tumors, while IL-6 influences the tumor development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Challenges of OSCC Diagnosis: Salivary Cytokines as Potential Biomarkers

Roi

Negruţiu

et al. 2020

JCM

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Fast, economic, and noninvasive, molecular analysis of saliva has the potential to become a diagnostic tool of reference for several local and systemic diseases, oral cancer included. The diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) can be performed using high specificity and sensibility biomarkers that can be encountered in the biological fluids. Recent advances in salivary proteomics have underlined the potential use of salivary biomarkers as early diagnosis screening tools for oral neoplasia. In this respect, over 100 salivary molecules have been described and proposed as oral cancer biomarkers, out of which cytokines are among the most promising. Besides being directly involved in inflammation and immune response, the role of salivary cytokines in tumor growth and progression linked them to the incidence of oral malignant lesions. This review summarizes the existing studies based on the use of salivary cytokines as potential oral cancer biomarkers, their involvement in the malignant process based on their type, and ther influence upon prognostic and metastatic rates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Challenges of OSCC Diagnosis: Salivary Cytokines as Potential Biomarkers

Roi

Negruţiu

et al. 2020

JCM

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“…Gelatinase‐B (MMP‐9) is another promising salivary protease marker with reported single SE and SP of 100% and 26.7%‐79%, respectively . A recent meta‐analysis of 9 diagnostic salivary biomarker studies concluded that MMP‐9 and chemerin together possessed excellent diagnostic validity and constituted the most sensitive and specific OSCC panel yet …”

Section: Proteomic/peptidomic Biomarker Combinationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Search less, verify more”—Reviewing salivary biomarkers in oral cancer detection

Adeoye

Brennan

Thomson

2020

J Oral Pathology Medicine

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Oral squamous cell carcinoma is one of the commonest head and neck malignancies with approximately 350 000 cases reported annually and a mortality rate of 50% often attributed to late clinical presentation. Due to the close relationship between saliva bio‐fluid and tumour lesions, optimizing salivary biomarkers for disease detection and screening provides a major new research direction in diagnostic oral oncology. As inter‐tumour heterogeneity and intra‐tumour heterogeneity are common within oral cavity neoplasms, it is unlikely that a single diagnostic or “risk‐stratifying” saliva biomarker will suffice for universal translation to clinical practice. Therefore, this article highlights a number of promising saliva biomarker combinations for oral cavity cancer detection that require further research and validation to determine their true diagnostic potential.

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“…Biomarkers are measurable and quantifiable unique biomolecular signatures, associated to a specific disease . In cancer, the crucial goal of discovering specific biomarkers for a disease would be to provide pivotal information for enhancing the survivability through improved and earlier diagnosis and prompter treatments . An ideal biomarker diagnostic model should possess high sensitivity, specificity, and precision, along with the satisfactory criteria of low cost, high output with a wide range of practical application .…”

Section: Biomarkers In Oscc and Esccmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis by Ghallab et al for salivary chemerin was reported to have excellent potential in the early detection of OSCC and oral premalignant lesions (OPMLs). A randomized control trial for salivary Chemerin to distinguish OSCC from OPMLs as well as for the screening and diagnosis of OSCC is now required . A multiethnic validation study of solute carrier family 39 member 6 (SLC39A6) protein expression was performed on Chinese patients by Cui et al The relationship among SLC39A6 expression, clinicopathological parameters, and prognosis consequences in ESCC were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC).…”

Section: Biomarkers In Oscc and Esccmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The underlying initiation and progression mechanisms of OSCC and ESCC are generally characterized by the accumulation of serial epigenetic and genetic alterations, which eventually lead to uncontrolled proliferation of the mutated cells, followed by vigorous cell division . Early‐stage OSCC detection displays an 80% survival rate at 5 years, while detection at advanced stage leads to survival rates ranging from 20% to 40% . In ESCC, the 5‐year survival rate for early‐stage detection may reach 85%, whereas a drop to less than 15% is registered for late‐stage ESCC detection .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Autophagy modulators for the treatment of oral and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas

Khan

Relitti

Brindisi

et al. 2019

Medicinal Research Reviews

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Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC) exhibit a survival rate of less than 60% and 40%, respectively. Late-stage diagnosis and lack of effective treatment strategies make both OSCC and ESCC a significant health burden. Autophagy, a lysosome-dependent catabolic process, involves the degradation of intracellular components to maintain cell homeostasis. Targeting autophagy has been highlighted as a feasible therapeutic strategy with clinical utility in cancer treatment, although its associated regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. The detection of relevant biomarkers in biological fluids has been anticipated to facilitate early diagnosis and/or prognosis for these tumors. In this context, recent studies have indicated the presence of specific proteins and small RNAs, detectable in circulating plasma and serum, as biomarkers. Interestingly, the interplay between biomarkers (eg, exosomal microRNAs) and autophagic processes could be exploited in the quest for targeted and more effective therapies for OSCC and ESCC. In this review, we give an overview of the available biomarkers and innovative targeted therapeutic strategies, including the application of autophagy modulators in OSCC and ESCC.Additionally, we provide a viewpoint on the state of the art Tuhina Khan and Nicola Relitti contributed equally to this work. and on future therapeutic perspectives combining the early detection of relevant biomarkers with drug discovery for the treatment of OSCC and ESCC. K E Y W O R D S autophagy, autophagy modulators, biomarkers, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, exosomes, oral squamous cell carcinoma, targeted therapy 1 | INTRODUCTION Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the predominant malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity followed by verrucous carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, and small salivary adenocarcinoma. 1 Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the first histological type and accounts for 80% of cases of esophageal cancer. 2 OSCC and ESCC are indicated as one of the most common cancers by the International Union Against Cancer with an annual incidence of 275 000 and 456 000 cases worldwide, respectively. 3,4 The primary etiology in both OSCC and ESCC is attributed to the environmental factors (tobacco abuse, alcohol consumption), genetic factors (eg, mutations in enzymes), viral factors (human papilloma virus [HPV] infection), and/or the coexistence of these factors. Alcohol intake and tobacco use are responsible for at least 75% of these carcinomas. The underlying initiation and progression mechanisms of OSCC and ESCC are generally characterized by the accumulation of serial epigenetic and genetic alterations, which eventually lead to uncontrolled proliferation of the mutated cells, followed by vigorous cell division. 5,7 Early-stage OSCC detection displays an 80% survival rate at 5 years, while detection at advanced stage leads to survival rates ranging from 20% to 40%. 6 In ESCC, the 5-year survival rate for early-stage detection may reach 85%, whereas a dr...

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Saliva as a Diagnostic Tool in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma – a Systematic Review with Meta Analysis

Cited by 65 publications

References 27 publications

The Challenges of OSCC Diagnosis: Salivary Cytokines as Potential Biomarkers

The Challenges of OSCC Diagnosis: Salivary Cytokines as Potential Biomarkers

“Search less, verify more”—Reviewing salivary biomarkers in oral cancer detection

Autophagy modulators for the treatment of oral and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas

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