Saliva as a diagnostic tool for periodontal disease: current state and future directions

Comparison of Whole Salivary Lactate Dehydrogenase Level in Patients With and Without Periodontal Disease

“…Periodontal disease biomarkers are substances that could be produced during the host's defensive responses against bacterial invasion, reflect inflammation, or be released from cell death as a result of tissue destruction due to periodontal disease (4,14). The diagnostic efficacy of various biomarkers of periodontal disease has been demonstrated in previous studies (20)(21)(22). It is believed that blood is the gold standard source for detecting biomarkers (5).…”

Salivary Diagnostics, Current Reality and Future Prospects

“…The development of new devices for periodontal monitoring probably would require less training and fewer resources than current diagnostic tests and may lead to better use by properly trained professionals for simpler and less intensive treatment, and may result in the provision of health care at low cost [21]. For determination of periodontal disease, it would be necessary a large body of research previously focused on fluid gingival biomarkers that provide the local disease status, but represents a technically difficult approach to implement in the clinical area [13,17].…”

“…According to [13], saliva is a valuable source of clinically relevant information, since its many components, besides protecting the oral tissues integrity, act as biomarkers of diseases and systemic conditions of the individual. The qualitative changes in the composition of these biomarkers have been used to identify patients with increased susceptibility to some diseases, identification of sites with active disease, prediction of sites with greater disease activity in the future and / or serving as a tool for monitoring effectiveness of therapies.…”

"Quantification of Creatine Phosphokinase Levels in Chronic Periodontitis"

“…[1] Periodontal disease, a bacterial infection is a chronic multifactorial inflammatory condition, characterised by complex host-parasite interactions leading to annihilation of both hard and soft tissue. [2] Plaque is a most important etiological factor effecting the prevalence and severity of the periodontal destruction. Pathogenic microorganism capable of causing periodontal disease inhabitant in biofilm of dental plaque.…”