Salmon spawning migration: Metabolic shifts and environmental triggers

Miller, Kristina M.; Schulze, Angela D.; Ginther, Norma G.; Li, Shaorong; Patterson, David A.; Farrell, Anthony P.; Hinch, Scott G.

doi:10.1016/j.cbd.2008.11.002

Cited by 93 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…4b). Transcriptomic studies of salmon migration have been extensively conducted (Aubin-Horth et al 2005Giger et al 2006;Bernier et al 2008;Miller et al 2009Miller et al , 2011Seear et al 2010). Microarrays of G. aculeatus, which have been used to investigate the effects of endocrine disruptors (Geoghegan et al 2008;Williams et al 2009;Katsiadakia et al 2010), sex-biased gene expression (Leder et al 2010), the transcriptomic response to predators (Sanogo et al 2011), comparison of gill transcripts between anadromous and stream-resident forms (Kitano et al 2010), and comparison of testis transcripts between incipient species (Kitano et al 2011), are also useful for transcriptome analyses of divergent migratory forms of G. aculeatus at various migratory stages.…”

Section: The Future Of Physiological Genomics Of Fish Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and genetic basis for variation in migratory behavior in the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus

et al. 2012

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Closely related species of fish often exhibit different migration patterns. Even within species, anadromous and resident populations can be found in a diverse number of taxa. Although several environmental factors that regulate behavioral and physiological changes associated with fish migration have been identified, the genetic mechanisms underlying the variation in the ability to respond to these environmental cues in fishes that show different migratory behaviors are not well known. The three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus (Linnaeus 1758) is a good model system for elucidation of the genetic basis for variation in migratory behaviors and other physiological changes associated with migration. First, the three-spined stickleback exhibits great inter-population variation in migration patterns. Second, genetic and genomic tools are now available for studying this species. In the present study, variation in the migration patterns among G. aculeatus populations and the recent progress in our understanding of the genetic and physiological basis for variation in traits important for G. aculeatus migration are reviewed.

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Section: The Future Of Physiological Genomics Of Fish Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and genetic basis for variation in migratory behavior in the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus

et al. 2012

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“…The massive increase in AST in white muscle is consistent with severe wasting of this tissue by protein catabolism seen in earlier studies of salmon sampled after spawning (Mommsen 1980), but an unchanged protein percentage (table 3) observed in this study suggests the elevation in AST on arrival at the spawning area signifies the initiation of this process. All of the enzymes that we measured were lowest at the spawning site, possibly as a result of decreasing muscle metabolic capacity as the tissue protein starts to be depleted (Mommsen 1980) and tissue damage increases (Miller et al 2009). At this point in the migration, fat stores are largely depleted, and protein oxidation has become the primary fuel for muscles (Mommsen 1980).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…3, 4). This temporal mismatch between observed transcript expression and protein activity may be the result of (1) long distances and time between sampling, during which the mRNA peaks occurred, or (2) a down regulation of mRNA expression due to a longer half-life of the protein (Miller et al 2009). Alternatively, the total activity of HK is a combination of different isoforms, each with distinct kinetics, whereas our expression data is for the one currently known isoform, HK I.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The activity of HK and expression of AST appear to be induced on an as-needed basis, perhaps triggered by sustained exercise and/or sexual maturity. However, the ultimate triggers for these genomic regulators of metabolic modification may be fasting, changes in water temperature, and/or hormonal signals associated with spawning migration (Miller et al 2009). Taken together, our data on the metabolic remodeling of skeletal muscle provide a window into the molecular and mechanistic explanation that is consistent with previously presented physiology of these animals (Idler and Bitners 1958;Gilhousen 1980;Mommsen 1980;French et al 1983;Magnoni et al 2006;Miller et al 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent large-scale functional genomics study of the white muscle in migrating sockeye salmon examined the putative environmental cues affecting transcriptional regulation of metabolic machinery. Fasting and changes in circulating hormones were identified as major triggers responsible for initial shifts in transcriptional patterns in coastal return migrations, at least in white muscle (Miller et al 2009). Yet it is unclear how these triggers may affect the lipid oxidation machinery in red and white muscles that are necessary to capitalize on the large lipid reserves used to complete the extensive aerobic swimming involved in this journey.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genomic and Metabolic Preparation of Muscle in Sockeye SalmonOncorhynchus nerkafor Spawning Migration

Morash¹,

Yu²,

Moine³

et al. 2013

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. The University of Chicago Press ABSTRACTProlonged endurance exercise and fasting are two major metabolic challenges facing Pacific salmon during spawning migrations that often occur over 1,000 km. Because both prolonged exercise and fasting stimulate the oxidation of lipids, particularly in heavily recruited tissues such as muscle, we sought to investigate the regulatory mechanisms that establish and maintain the capacity for substrate oxidation at four separate locations during the final 750 km of nonfeeding migration in sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka. Transcript levels of multiple genes encoding for important regulators of lipid, carbohydrate, and protein oxidation as well as the activity of several important enzymes involved in lipid and carbohydrate oxidation were examined in red and white muscle. We found in both muscle types that the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I isoforms, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors a and b, and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase b1 were all significantly higher at the onset compared to later stages of nonfeeding migration. However, the activities of b-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase and citrate synthase were higher only early in migration and only in red muscle. Later in the migration and as muscle lipid stores were greatly depleted, the mRNA levels of hexokinase I and aspartate aminotransferase increased in white muscle. Overall, at the onset of migration, high transcript and metabolic enzyme activity levels in skeletal muscle of sockeye salmon may help support the high rates of lipid oxidation needed for endurance swimming. Furthermore, we suggest that the muscle capacity to use carbohydrates and proteins may be adjusted throughout migration on an as-needed basis to fuel burst exercise through very difficult hydraulic passages in the river and perhaps during mating activities.

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