Salt and sugar detection system using a compact microstrip patch antenna

Abstract

One of the reasons for many diseases such as diabetes, stroke, high blood pressure, kidney disease, etc., is the excess consumption of salt and sugar in the diet. So, to minimize these health problems, it is important to consume appropriate quantity of salt and sugar in the diet. This paper presents the design and development of a salt and sugar detection system using a low cost compact microstrip patch antenna. The salt and sugar detection system using a compact microstrip antenna is based upon the variation of antenna parameters in the solutions of different concentrations of salt and sugar. The defected ground structure (DGS) is utilized for decreasing the size and improving the performance of the proposed microstrip patch antenna. The antenna is fed by using a microstrip line and it resonates at 2.4 GHz. The designed antenna is simulated and optimized using the computer simulation technology (CST) microwave studio. The antenna with optimized dimensions is fabricated and measured. The measurements of the return loss of the fabricated microstrip patch antenna for various solutions with different concentrations of salt and sugar are performed. The measured results confirm that the proposed compact microstrip patch antenna is suitable to detect the concentration of salt and sugar in the water. From the measured results, it is observed that the return loss of the antenna decreases, when the concentration of salt and sugar is increased. The proposed antenna is also suitable for compact 2.4 GHz wireless local area networks (WLAN) applications.

Wideband microstrip antenna for the detection of solutes in water

“…The shape of a wine glass has a smooth curvature along the length, so it becomes a traveling wave type of structure when implemented as an antenna. The variation in the width of the wine glass shape from the bottom toward its open end is responsible for its wide bandwidth 22‐24,30 . In addition, the slot is engraved in the antenna structure to increase the bandwidth of the antenna.…”

“…A compact, low‐profile microstrip antenna is presented for the detection of salt and sugar in water. The antenna uses DGS technology DGS technology for improving the antenna parameters and reducing the antenna size 24 …”

Determination of Salinity and Sugar Concentration by Means of a Circular-Ring Monopole Textile Antenna-Based Sensor

“…A crescent-shaped microstrip antenna-based sensor fabricated on FR-4 substrate was presented in [13]. In recent experimental study [14], a microstrip patch antenna employing a defective ground structure, which was implemented by on FR-4 substrate, demonstrated that it was able to detect different concentrations of salt and sugar in water. All of these antenna sensors mentioned above used rigid substrates typically deployed in electronic system applications.…”

Fractal microstrip patch antennas for dual-band and triple-band wireless applications

“…The most serious limitations of microstrip antenna are its narrow bandwidth and poor gain (Balanis, 2005). Various techniques such as shorting post loading (Deshmukh et al, 2013;Kumar and Singh, 2011;Singh et al, 2010), gap-coupling (Kumar, 2014;Kumar and Singh, 2009;Mishra et al, 2019;Sharma, 2014), metamaterials (Yem and Lan, 2018), photonic band gap crystals (Sudha and Vedavathy, 2001), frequency selective surface (Yahya et al, 2018), defected ground structure (Ajay et al, 2019;Kumar and Masa-Campos, 2015;Kapoor et al, 2020;Njokweni and Kumar, 2020), etc., can be used to improve the antenna performance. Multiband antennas are required to be used for different bands applications.…”