Salt and Water Deficit Tolerance in some Vicia faba L. Genotypes in Relation to Pigments, ISSR – PCR Markers and Stress Tolerance Indices

Abstract

WO POT experiments were conducted to investigate the response of five divergent faba bean genotypes namely (NBL-Mar.3, NBL-5, L3, Nubariya-1 and Misr-1) against either drought or salt stresses with split plot design. To achieve this purpose; some morphological characteristics, pigments, carbohydrates, molecular markers, stress tolerance indices and polymorphic information content (PIC) were recorded.Expose the faba bean genotypes to water and salt stress leads to significant decrease in photosynthetic pigments, total carbohydrates and starch. A significant increase in total soluble sugar content with increasing the salt and water stress levels were detected in all genotypes. Tolerant genotypes (NBL-Mar.3 and NBL-5) have high chlorophyll, carbohydrates and starch content than sensitive genotypes (Nubariya-1 and Misr-1). Seed yield /plant presence wide range of differences among all genotypes in each of the two abiotic stresses in focus. This reflects a fluctuation response in each of the eleven tolerance indices. NBL-5 considered as the highest drought tolerant genotype while Misr-1 is the most sensitive one. Similar conclusion is true for NBL-Mar.3 as a best tolerant genotype under salinity experiment conditions while, Nubariya-1 and Misr-1 were the most sensitive one. The highest water deficit newly bred tolerant genotype (NBL-5) discriminated by either two positive specific markers at amplified fragments (AF) (45 and 61) or three negative amplicons at AF (30, 32 and 33). The salt tolerant genotype (NBLMar.3) own ten of the unique amplicons out of the 40 total number of specific markers (TSM) which including either the presence or absence of a given band. These specific markers could be successfully used as marker assisted selection (MAS) for the best genotypes utilizing in faba bean breeding programs.

Assessing Drought Tolerance of some Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Cultivars Using Genetic Variability, Tolerance Indices and ISSR Markers

“…While Noubara1, Sakha-4, and Sakha-1 showed high TOL values and DSI values were more than unity, indicating that non-stress condition was a suitable environment to grow and produce the highest yield for these cultivars. Results were agreement with Bayoumi et al (2015); Afiah et al (2016); Khatab et al (2019), Memari et al (2021) who reported DSI, TOL, GMP, MP and YSI indices had the most desirable selection criteria for high-yielding and screening droughttolerant genotypes. Results of ISSR-PCR showed varied in number and size of amplified products for primers; 14A, HB11, HB12, HB13, and HB15 (Figure 5).…”

“…The imposed to drought stress caused reduction in growth and chlorophyll content by increasing the activity of the chlorophyllase enzyme which causing the degrading of chlorophyll, chloroplast structure, and pigment-protein complexes unstable (Jamil et al, 2012;Bayoumi et al, 2015). Tolerant cultivars with high chlorophyll content might be due to their ability to repair the damage mechanism, but sensitive cultivars did not have this mechanism (Afiah et al, 2016) Figure ( 4): Chlorophyll contents of faba bean genotypes under drought stress…”

“…ISSR technique was much suitable and precisely for resolving genetic diversity of closely related faba bean genotypes and for cultivar identification through high percent of polymorphism was obtained by ISSR primers (El-Nahas et al, 2011;Kianoosh et al, 2017, Asfaw et al, 2018Qahtan et al, 2021). specific markers; negative and positive molecular size (pb) for different ISSR primers used as marker assisted selection (MAS) and appear that ISSR markers are effective in faba bean breeding programs and encourage targeted crossing strategies for drought tolerance and genetic relationships between different faba bean cultivars (Belal et al, 2009;Afiah et al, 2016;Qahtan et al, 2021).…”