Salt damage and microclimate in the Postumius Tomb, Roman Necropolis of Carmona, Spain

Benavente, David; Sánchez‐Moral, Sergio; Fernández-Cortés, Ángel; Cañaveras, Juan Carlos; Élez, Javier; Sáiz‐Jiménez, Cesáreo

doi:10.1007/s12665-010-0815-9

Cited by 58 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Figure 3 shows the amount of water condensing on the rock surface of ceiling per cubic meter of air within the tomb, during the monitoring period. Effective 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 condensation occurred when the relative humidity of the tomb air reached and remained above the threshold of 75%, as determined by Benavente et al (2011) for this lithostratigraphic unit. This occurred mainly during the wetter and colder season, i.e.…”

Section: Condensation Processes On the Inner Surfaces Of The Tombmentioning

confidence: 98%

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The deterioration of Circular Mausoleum, Roman Necropolis of Carmona, Spain

Cañaveras

Fernández-Cortés

Élez

et al. 2015

Science of The Total Environment

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The Circular Mausoleum in the Roman Necropolis of Carmona was carved on a calcarenite sequence in an ancient quarry located in the town of Carmona, Southern Spain. This rock-cut tomb, representative of Roman burial practices, currently suffers from serious deterioration. A detailed survey over several years permitted the identification of the main tomb's pathologies and damaging processes, which include loss of material (scaling, flaking, granular disintegration), surface modifications (efflorescences, crusts and deposits) and extensive biological colonization. The results obtained in this study indicated that anthropogenic changes were largely responsible and enhanced the main alteration mechanisms observed in the Circular Mausoleum. Based on the deterioration diagnosis, effective corrective actions were proposed. This study shows that any conservation intervention in the interior of the tomb should be preceded by accurate in situ measurements and laboratory analyses to ascribe the source of the deterioration damages and thus designing effective treatments.

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Section: Condensation Processes On the Inner Surfaces Of The Tombmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Moreover, calcarenite showed a very low mechanical strength, as revealed by axial compressive strength (5.90 MPa). A detailed description of the host rock physical properties can be found in Benavente et al (2011), who studied the Postumius Tomb located in the same lithologic unit of Circular Mausoleum.…”

Section: Materials Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The deterioration of Circular Mausoleum, Roman Necropolis of Carmona, Spain

Cañaveras

Fernández-Cortés

Élez

et al. 2015

Science of The Total Environment

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“…3). Hence, rock deterioration by salt weathering is not really significant because the crystallization pressures of gypsum and halite are relatively harmless [32][33] and the air remains constant most of the time. Salt deterioration takes place by repeated crystallization-dissolution process prompted by variations in the relative humidity and temperature [32].…”

Section: Host Rock Features and Construction And Conservation/stabilimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, rock deterioration by salt weathering is not really significant because the crystallization pressures of gypsum and halite are relatively harmless [32][33] and the air remains constant most of the time. Salt deterioration takes place by repeated crystallization-dissolution process prompted by variations in the relative humidity and temperature [32]. As a result, the stable and dry microclimatic conditions of Djehuty's tomb-chapel reduce the salt deterioration in the porous materials and salts tend to grow as efflorescence (mainly gypsum and halite), causing aesthetic and surface physical damage.…”

Section: Host Rock Features and Construction And Conservation/stabilimentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition, uses, provenance and stability of rocks and ancient mortars in a Theban Tomb in Luxor (Egypt)

et al. 2015

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The rock-cut tomb-chapel of Djehuty (Luxor, Egypt, 1470 B.C.) was excavated and restored including a mineralogical, chemical, textural and petrophysical study of mortars and host rocks together with micro-environmental parameter recordings to infer on the techniques used by the ancient Egyptian builders. The host rock is made by alternations of massive, nodular and finely bedded micritic limestone and the tomb was excavated in the stratigraphic section with better mechanical properties. Different types of gypsum and lime mortars were found in the funerary complex: mortar for bedding, exterior render, surface repair and decoration, and interior plaster and coating. Mortars show formulae according to their specific applications and locations. The sources of the mortar raw materials reveal a local provenance. Micro-environmental conditions play an important role in the evolution of the mortar pastes, and determine the current characteristics and stability of mortars. Results from this research will permit to design mortars compatible with conservation in the funerary complex of Djehuty and to define safe micro-environmental conditions for the preservation of such mortars and paintings.

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“…This period has been of great interest to many researchers in fields related to physical anthropology who have delved more deeply into it using paleodemographic (Fox et al, 1996;Piga et al, 2010;Prieto et al, 2012) and ancient DNA analyses (Sampietro et al, 2005;Alzualde et al, 2007;Gamba et al, 2012). A major drawback for these initiatives has always been the scarcity of well-preserved remains from earlier than medieval timeframes, a fact documented even in necropoles that were otherwise structurally undamaged (Pol et al, 2008;Benavente et al, 2011). Related to this fact is the custom of cremation, which was a major funerary rite before the Roman conquest of Iberia ( Alvarez-Sanch ıs 2000).…”

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confidence: 99%

Evaluation of large‐scale genetic structure in complex demographic and historical scenarios: The mitochondrial DNA and Y‐chromosome pools of the Iberian Atlantic façade

Pardiñas

Roca

García‐Vázquez

et al. 2013

American J Phys Anthropol

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Genetic structural patterns of human populations are usually a combination of long-term evolutionary forces and short-term social, cultural, and demographic processes. Recently, using mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome loci, various studies in northern Spain have found evidence that the geographical distribution of Iron Age tribal peoples might have influenced current patterns of genetic structuring in several autochthonous populations. Using the wealth of data that are currently available from the whole territory of the Iberian Peninsula, we have evaluated its genetic structuring in the spatial scale of the Atlantic façade. Hierarchical tree modeling procedures, combined with a classic analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), were used to model known sociocultural divisions from the third century BCE to the eighth century CE, contrasting them with uniparental marker data. Our results show that, while mountainous and abrupt areas of the Iberian North bear the signals of long-term isolation in their maternal and paternal gene pools, the makeup of the Atlantic façade as a whole can be related to tribal population groups that predate the Roman conquest of the Peninsula. The maintenance through time of such a structure can be related to the numerous geographic barriers of the Iberian mainland, which have historically conditioned its settlement patterns and the occurrence of genetic drift processes.

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Salt damage and microclimate in the Postumius Tomb, Roman Necropolis of Carmona, Spain

Cited by 58 publications

References 29 publications

The deterioration of Circular Mausoleum, Roman Necropolis of Carmona, Spain

The deterioration of Circular Mausoleum, Roman Necropolis of Carmona, Spain

Composition, uses, provenance and stability of rocks and ancient mortars in a Theban Tomb in Luxor (Egypt)

Evaluation of large‐scale genetic structure in complex demographic and historical scenarios: The mitochondrial DNA and Y‐chromosome pools of the Iberian Atlantic façade

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