Salt in matrix for thermochemical energy storage - A review

Mohapatra, Dhammapada; Nandanavanam, Jalaiah

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2022.05.453

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Several parameters need to be considered when selecting TCS storage materials, typically the storage material: must have good thermal conductivity properties for ease of heat transmission, have good cyclability for cost-effectiveness, and have a high energy density [16] for increased energy storage capabilities [17]. To maximize the stability of TCS materials, often the active ingredients, typically salt hydrates, are incorporated into high surface area materials such as vermiculite, silica gel, or active carbon [18,19], termed salt in matrix (SIM). Studies have shown that salt incorporation improves the cycling stability of the TCS material, showing little to no material hysteresis and enhancing hydration kinetics [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have shown that salt incorporation improves the cycling stability of the TCS material, showing little to no material hysteresis and enhancing hydration kinetics [16]. To ensure the cost-effectiveness of TCS material, the raw products used in SIM formulations are often cheap, (CaCl 2 (0.2-2 USD/KG) [12] and vermiculite (0.2-44 USD/KG) [18], and its regeneration is conducted at relatively low temperatures <140 • C [19]. In salt hydrate TCM, the energy capture and release occurs from the dehydration and hydration of hygroscopic salts, such as MgSO 4 CaCl 2 , Ca(NO 3 ), Li (NO 3 ), Li Br, or composite mixtures, [11,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the charging of the material, energy is used to desorb water from hydrated salt crystals, this process is essentially an endothermic reaction and stores thermal energy in the form of ionic bonds [9,16]. To regain that energy, the addition of cooled vapor is adsorbed to the crystal structure, and the formation of coordinate and hydrogen bonds between the crystal structure and water vapor releases heat energy in an exothermic reaction [7,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cycling Stability of Calcium-Impregnated Vermiculite in Open Reactor Used as a Thermochemical Storage Material

Sullivan,

Griffiths,

Jewell

et al. 2023

Energies

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Recent research into thermochemical storage (TCS) materials has highlighted their promising potential for seasonal building heating, through energy capture and release during dehydration and hydration cycling. A common TCS material used throughout this investigation was calcium chloride (CaCl2)-impregnated vermiculite-based salt in matrix (SIM). This material was assessed for its robustness during charging and discharging cycles to assess its behavior and in terms of energy stability and chemical stability; the results of which showed consistent volumetric energy density and maximum temperature changes over seven cycles. The calcium SIM did, however, show a decline in leachable Ca content, which was presumed to be a result of stabilization within the vermiculite, and chloride concentration showed little change over the course of the study. Real-time visualization using a high-resolution microscope of calcium SIM particles showed a salt phase change and migration of liquid salt into the valleys of the lamella. A novel cobalt chloride (CoCl2) SIM was used to visualize the hydration path across the particle, through distinct color changes depending on hydration state. The results indicated that the topography of the vermiculite played a significant role in the passive hydration modeling.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cycling Stability of Calcium-Impregnated Vermiculite in Open Reactor Used as a Thermochemical Storage Material

Sullivan,

Griffiths,

Jewell

et al. 2023

Energies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The matrix should promote water-salt sorption interactions and be able to hold the salt and its solutions within its internal pore system [5,7]. Different matrixes have been considered such as silica gel, zeolite, expanded graphite, activated carbon, metal foams, clay or vermiculite [5,10]. The amount of salt in such composite materials is often limited and the rigidity of the matrix can be an issue considering expansion of the salt during the hydration reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of silica-PEG-CaCl2 composite sorbents in an open thermochemical heat storage reactor

Bérut,

Bois,

Touloumet

et al. 2023

Journal of Energy Storage

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“…To improve the usage of hygroscopic salts, researchers have investigated embedding the salts in porous structures, which are used as carriers to immobilize inorganic salts and distribute them uniformly. Furthermore, the porous properties of the carrier increase the surface area of the composite adsorbent-these materials enhance the heat and mass transfer efficiency with increasing surface area [33]. Commonly used porous matrix (CSPM) include silica gel [34,35], zeolite [36,37] and expanded graphite [38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study of LiCl/LiBr-Zeolite Composite Adsorbent for Thermochemical Heat Storage

Chen

et al. 2022

Buildings

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Adsorption-based thermochemical heat storage is a promising long-term energy storage technology that can be used for seasonal space heating, which has received significant amount of efforts on the research and development. In this paper, the heat storage capacity of composite adsorbents made by LiCl + LiBr salt and 3A zeolite was investigated. The basic characteristics of composite material groups were experimentally tested, and it was found that the adsorption composite with 15 wt% salt solution had excellent adsorption rate and adsorption capacity, which was considered as the optimal composite material. Furthermore, the heat storage density of the composite material could be as high as 585.3 J/g, which was 30.9% higher than that of pure zeolite. Using 3 kg of the composite material, the adsorption heat storage experiment was carried out using a lab-scale reactor. The effects of air velocity and relative humidity on the adsorption performance were investigated. It was found that a flow rate of 15 m3/h and a relative humidity of 70% led to the most released adsorption heat from the composite material, and 74.3% of energy discharge efficiency. Furthermore, an adsorption heat storage system and a residential model were built in the TRNSYS software to evaluate the building heating effect of such heat storage system. It is found that the ambient temperature will affect the heating effect of the adsorption heat storage system. The coefficient of performance (COP) of this model is as high as 6.67. Compared with the gas boiler heating system, the adsorption heat storage energy can replace part of the gas consumption to achieve energy savings.

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Salt in matrix for thermochemical energy storage - A review

Cited by 11 publications

References 50 publications

Cycling Stability of Calcium-Impregnated Vermiculite in Open Reactor Used as a Thermochemical Storage Material

Cycling Stability of Calcium-Impregnated Vermiculite in Open Reactor Used as a Thermochemical Storage Material

Characterization of silica-PEG-CaCl2 composite sorbents in an open thermochemical heat storage reactor

Experimental Study of LiCl/LiBr-Zeolite Composite Adsorbent for Thermochemical Heat Storage

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