Salt Taste Threshold as a Detection of Salt Intake in Hypertensive Individuals

Abstract

Background: High sodium consumption is one of the risk factors for hypertension. Excess salt intake may be affected by an individual’s ability to detected taste. However, decreased salt sensitivity can increase consumption of salty foods. Purpose: This review aims to analyze the salt taste threshold and its relation to salt intake among hypertensive and normotensive individuals. Methods: The review was conducted using five electronic databases and fourteen articles reporting on salt taste threshold, salt intake, and blood pressure. Open access articles, original research, published over the past ten years, and subject’s age over eighteen years both healthy and with specific clinical conditions, and have blood pressure data were identified and included in the study. Results: There were fourteen studies that measured salt taste threshold through detection threshold and/ or recognition threshold. Ten studies reported salt consumption through Na-FFQ, SQ-FFQ, 24-hour food recall, discretionary salt, adding salt questionnaire, salt use behavior questionnaire, salt preference questionnaire, and sodium excretion. Most studies showed that high salt consumption is higher in the group with high salt taste threshold and high salt taste threshold tends to be more in hypertensive group. The result also showed a significant correlation between salt consumption both through self-reported questionnaire and 24-hour urinary sodium excretion. Conclusion: Although the correlation between salt taste threshold, salt intake, and hypertension can be found a matching method with adequate statistical power is needed to get more accurate results.

Hubungan Ambang Rasa Asin dengan Kejadian Hipertensi pada Remaja di Surabaya

“…Men have a higher chance of experiencing hypertension than women. The results of statistical tests in this study are different from the results of research by Fayasari and Cahyani, and there was no difference in the salty taste threshold between the control group and the hypertension group 17 . Another study by Kim showed no correlation between the detection or recognition of taste thresholds and systolic blood pressure 30 .…”

“…Another study by Kim showed no correlation between the detection or recognition of taste thresholds and systolic blood pressure 30 . This study's results align with the literature study conducted by Sari et al who found a correlation between the salt taste threshold and hypertension as measured by questionnaires and 24hour urinary sodium excretion 34 . However, a study by Sawai et al shows a relationship between the saltiness threshold and consuming foods containing high salt 35 .…”

Analysis of Dominant Risk Factors for Hypertensive Disease

“…According to Han et al (14), a high intake of food salt had the most vital role in the incidence of hypertension. In studies related to salt intake, it is important to distinguish between the term's "salt" and "sodium" (12,13). It was commonly acknowledged that 1 gram of salt composed of 40% sodium and 60% chloride.…”