Salt Tectonics in the Sivas Basin (Turkey): Outstanding Seismic Analogues From Outcrops

Ringenbach, Jean‐Claude; Kergaravat, Charlie; Ribes, Charlotte; Darnault, Romain; Haller, Denis; Salel, Jean-François; Callot, Jean‐Paul

doi:10.1190/ice2015-2209379

Cited by 17 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…These studies demonstrate a large variety of halokinetic structures and highlight ambiguities in interpreting conventional seismic images (Fossen, 2010;Jackson et al, 2014). This knowledge strongly helps the interpretation of structures poorly imaged by reflection seismic data (Giles and Lawton, 2002;Jackson and Harrison, 2006;Ringenbach et al, 2013;Callot et al, 2014). They are the only way to get a direct 2D observation of many subseismic evaporite-related geometries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Thus, we completed the field data set with interpretive cross sections of the minibasin, illustrating the conceptual geometries at depth. Their geologic interpretations are based on the observation of similar structures imaged by seismic data (Ringenbach et al, 2013) and on our local knowledge of halokinetic structures in the Sivas Basin (Ringenbach et al, 2013;Callot et al, 2014;Pichat et al, 2015;Ribes et al, 2015Ribes et al, , 2016. Interpretation lines were digitized from this section and then used as a guide for the 3D model construction ( Figure 6).…”

Section: Conceptual Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D modeling from outcrop data in a salt tectonic context: Example from the Inceyol minibasin, Sivas Basin, Turkey

et al. 2016

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We have developed a 3D modeling strategy of the encased minibasin of Inceyol in Sivas (Turkey). The challenge lies in the combination of sparse outcrop data and the complex interpretive geometry of geologic structures that come from salt tectonics. We have succeeded in modeling the convoluted salt surface using an explicit indirect surface patch construction method followed by a manual mesh improvement. Then, we modeled the minibasin sediments with an implicit approach. The result highlighted the remarkable geometry of the convoluted salt horizon and its associated minibasin by extending in 3D the geologist's interpretive 2D sections. This case study proved that building complex geometries is feasible with the existing tools and a good expertise in the various geomodeling techniques. Our work also underlined the need for new methods to ease the modeling of such tectonic features from sparse data. We have developed a 3D view of the model thanks to WebGL technology, as well as downloadable data to constitute a reference case study.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Conceptual Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D modeling from outcrop data in a salt tectonic context: Example from the Inceyol minibasin, Sivas Basin, Turkey

et al. 2016

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“…A vast amount of seismic surveys on salt‐related continental margins like the Gulf of Mexico and the South Atlantic has revolutionized the salt tectonic concepts in both extensional and compressive settings. Good quality seismic data allow interpreting the detailed geometry of diapirs and salt‐related minibasins even below allochthonous salt bodies [ Krzywiec , ; Ringenbach et al ., ; Hearon et al ., ], and the structure of the upper part of continental margins dominated by listric normal faults and hanging wall rollovers and rafts was typified. These salt tectonic concepts have led to the reinterpretation of odd structures in Alpine fold belts as potential salt‐related features in cases such as the Pyrenees [ McClay et al ., ; Canérot et al ., ], the SW Alps [ Graham et al ., ], the Central High Atlas [ Michard et al ., ; Saura et al ., ], and the Sivas Basin in Turkey [ Callot et al ., ] (Figure ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within these settings, flaps or flap folds are understood as zones of upturned strata adjacent to a diapir, resulting from arching of the diapir roof above flanking strata [ Rowan et al ., ; Schultz Ela , ]. They have been the subject of numerous recent studies [ Dooley et al ., ; Giles and Rowan , ; Graham et al ., ; Ringenbach et al ., ; Rowan et al ., ; Harrison and Jackson , ; Saura et al ., ]. Additionally, Alsop et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rising and falling diapirs, shifting depocenters, and flap overturning in the Cretaceous Sopeira and Sant Gervàs subbasins (Ribagorça Basin, southern Pyrenees)

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et al. 2016

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The halokinetic structure of inverted salt‐related continental margins is frequently obliterated by compressional overprinting. The Cretaceous Sopeira and Sant Gervàs subbasins of the Ribagorça Basin (south central Pyrenees) show evidence of salt‐related extensional tectonics and diapiric growth along the Iberian Margin of the Mesozoic Pyrenean rift. We present an integrated field‐based tectonic‐sedimentary study to reconstruct the evolution of the Ribagorça Basin system previous to, and in the early stages of, the Pyrenean orogeny. The ~4 km thick Albian‐Cenomanian Sopeira minibasin infill thins toward the basin borders, especially toward the eastern, N‐S trending, Llastarri salt weld. The 90° tilt to the south of the Sopeira basin bottom records the growth of the buried north dipping Sopeira listric fault from Albian to Santonian times, when it evolved as an extensional rollover associated with the Aulet salt roller. The ~3 km thick Cenomanian‐Campanian succession filling the Sant Gervàs flap displays 130° bed fanning attitude from overturned Cenomanian carbonate platform strata to upright Campanian turbidite beds. The Sant Gervàs flap development since Cenomanian times was related to the fall of a large salt pillow after the main Soperia minibasin stage. Jurassic‐Campanian diachronous subsidence is also observed in the adjacent Montiberri, Faiada, and Tamurcia depocenters. Correlation with the Pedraforca, Cotiella, and Basque‐Cantabrian Basins along the southern Pyrenees suggests that a significant segment of the Iberian side of the Pyrenean rift experienced a gravity‐driven extension from Albian to late Santonian. The Ribagorça Basin provides an excellent field analogue for presently buried salt‐related structures of extended passive margins.

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“…Ala, 1974;Flinch et al, 1996;Jackson et al, 2003;Jackson & Harrison, 2006;Ringenbach et al, 2012;Harrison & Jackson, 2014). Previous and ongoing field studies of allochthonous salt in the Zagros Mountains, Iran, the Central African Copperbelt, Democratic Republic of the Congo, southern Spain, Arctic Canada and the Sivas Basin, north-central Turkey have yielded valuable and comparative analogues to allochthonous salt recognized in the subsurface (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geology and tectonics of Neoproterozoic salt diapirs and salt sheets in the eastern Willouran Ranges, South Australia

et al. 2014

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Allochthonous salt structures and associated primary and secondary minibasins are exposed in Neoproterozoic strata of the eastern Willouran Ranges, South Australia. Detailed geologic mapping using high-quality airborne hyperspectral remote-sensing data and satellite imagery, combined with a qualitative structural restoration, are used to elucidate the evolution of this complex, long-lived (>250 Myr) salt system. Field observations and interpretations at a resolution unobtainable from seismic or well data provide a means to test published models of allochthonous salt emplacement and associated salt-sediment interaction derived from subsurface data in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Salt diapirs and sheets are represented by megabreccias of nonevaporite lithologies that were originally interbedded with evaporites that have been dissolved and/or altered. Passive diapirism began shortly after deposition of the Callanna Group layered evaporite sequence. A primary basin containing an expulsion-rollover structure and megaflap is flanked by two vertical diapirs. Salt flowed laterally from the diapirs to form a complex, multi-level canopy, now partly welded, containing an encapsulated minibasin and capped by suprasalt basins. Salt and minibasin geometries were modified during the Late Cambrian-Ordovician Delamerian Orogeny (ca. 500 Ma). Small-scale structures such as subsalt shear zones, fractured or mixed 'rubble zones' and thrust imbricates are absent beneath allochthonous salt and welds in the eastern Willouran Ranges. Instead, either undeformed strata or halokinetic drape folds that include preserved diapir roof strata are found directly below the transition from steep diapirs to salt sheets. Allochthonous salt first broke through the diapir roofs and then flowed laterally, resulting in variable preservation of the subsalt drape folds. Lateral salt emplacement was presumably on roof-edge thrusts or, because of the shallow depositional environment, via open-toed advance or extrusive advance, but without associated subsalt deformation.

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Salt Tectonics in the Sivas Basin (Turkey): Outstanding Seismic Analogues From Outcrops

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

3D modeling from outcrop data in a salt tectonic context: Example from the Inceyol minibasin, Sivas Basin, Turkey

3D modeling from outcrop data in a salt tectonic context: Example from the Inceyol minibasin, Sivas Basin, Turkey

Rising and falling diapirs, shifting depocenters, and flap overturning in the Cretaceous Sopeira and Sant Gervàs subbasins (Ribagorça Basin, southern Pyrenees)

Geology and tectonics of Neoproterozoic salt diapirs and salt sheets in the eastern Willouran Ranges, South Australia

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