Salvianolic Acid A Improves Rat Kidney Injury by Regulating MAPKs and TGF-β1/Smads Signaling Pathways

Abstract

Salvianolic acid A (SAA) is one of the major components in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge., with various pharmacological activities, and is likely to be a promising agent for the treatment of kidney diseases. The purpose of this study was to explore the protective effect and mechanisms of SAA on kidney disease. In this study, the improvement effects of SAA (10, 20, 40 mg/kg, i.g.) on kidney injury rats were investigated by detecting the levels of KIM-1, NGAL in serum and UP in the urine of AKI model rats established with gentamicin, as well as the levels of SCr and UREA in serum and IL-6, IL-12, MDA and T-SOD in the kidneys of CKD model rats established with 5/6 nephrectomy. HE and Masson staining were used to observe the histopathological changes in the kidney. Network pharmacology and Western blotting were used to explore the mechanism of SAA in improving kidney injury. The results showed that SAA improved kidney function in kidney injury rats by reducing the kidney index and pathological injury by HE and Masson staining, reducing the levels of KIM-1, NGAL and UP in AKI rats and UREA, SCr and UP in CKD rats, as well as exerting anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress effects by inhibiting the release of IL-6 and IL-12, reducing MDA and increasing T-SOD. Western blotting results showed that SAA significantly reduced the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2, p38, JNK and smad2/3, and the expression of TLR-4 and smad7. In conclusion, SAA plays a significant role in improving kidney injury in rats and the mechanism may be achieved by regulating the MAPKs and TGF-β1/smads signaling pathways.

Optimization of the Flavonoid Extraction Process from the Stem and Leaves of Epimedium Brevicornum and Its Effects on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Renal Injury

“…MDA content can directly reflect the degree of body injury [ 41 ]. Oxidative stress is positively correlated with MDA levels [ 42 ]. The effect of the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway on the protection of cordyceps sinensis against acute lung injury induced by acute kidney injury showed that MDA and BUN levels increased after renal injury ( p < 0.01) [ 43 ].…”

“…MDA content can directly reflect the degree of body injury [41]. Oxidative stress is positively correlated with MDA levels [42]. The effect of the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway on the protection of cordyceps sinensis against acute lung injury induced by acute Clinically, the concomitant nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity caused by CTX limit its therapeutic effects, and CTX induces inflammation by increasing the activities of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (INOS) [45].…”

Luteolin-7-O-β-d-Glucuronide Attenuated Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: Involvement of the Blood–Brain Barrier

“…The experimental protocol used in this study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University. The routine experiments were performed in accordance with the “Regulations on the Management of Laboratory Animals” issued by the National Science and Technology Commission [ 16 ]. Neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats were used for OGD/R experiments to culture primary cortical neurons.…”

Research Progress on Regulation of Immune Response by Tanshinones and Salvianolic Acids of Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge)

“…More and more studies have shown that salvianolic acid A ( 17 ) is likely to be a promising agent for the treatment of kidney diseases. For example, Diao et al reported that salvianolic acid A ( 17 ) played a significant role in improving kidney injury in rats, and the mechanism may be achieved by regulating the MAPK and TGF-β1/Smad protein (Smad) signaling pathways [ 122 ]. In addition, salvianolic acid A ( 17 ) could significantly reduce the levels of anti-Sm-IgG and IgM antibodies and attenuate prostaglandin-induced histopathological alterations in the kidneys of BALB/c mice by inhibiting the phosphorylation of inhibitory kappa B kinase (IKK), I-κB, and NF-κB, thereby improving renal function [ 123 ].…”