Sample preparation and high-resolution separation of mycotoxins possessing carboxyl groups

Wilkes, Jon G.; Sutherland, John B.

doi:10.1016/s0378-4347(97)00664-6

Cited by 40 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…3,16 Several analytical methods have been developed for determining fumunisins (FB 1-3 ) in corn-based food and feeds, milk, beer, biological fluids and Fusarium culture materials. 17,18 These methods include thin layer chromatography (TLC), 19 competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), 20,21 capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), 17 capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry (CE/MS), 22 and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection after derivatization. 17,[23][24][25] In recent years, confirmation has been reported by LC/MS, including fast atom bombardment MS, 26 particle beam MS, 27 electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS, 4,23,28 and ESI-MS/MS with both triple-quadrupole (QqQ) and ion trap (IT) analyzers.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…5,6,29 Extraction of fumonisins from cereals is generally done using organic-aqueous solvent mixtures containing methanol or acetonitrile. 18 Approaches reported in the literature 30 for improving extraction from corn and corn-based foods include addition of acid, enzymes, or EDTA to the extraction solvent, or increase of temperature. Cleanup is mainly performed using a strong anion-exchanger (SAX), 6,23,24 C 18 bonded silica, 25,26 or an immunoaffinity column.…”

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Determination of type B fumonisin mycotoxins in maize and maize‐based products by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry using a QqQ_{linear ion trap} mass spectrometer

Faberi

Foglia

Pastorini

et al. 2004

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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A sensitive liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method for determining the type B fumonisin mycotoxins in corn-based foodstuffs is described. Fumonisins FB1 and FB2 were extracted from a 1 g sample by homogenization with acetonitrile/water (75:25, v/v, 50 mmol/L formic acid, 25 mL final volume) and the extract was defatted on C18 phase. Volumes of 5 mL of crude extracts were cleaned up on Carbograph-4 cartridges. The final solution was analyzed by HPLC with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in positive ion mode using multiple reaction monitoring with a QqQ linear ion trap mass spectrometer. Recoveries for spiked corn-based foodstuffs ranged from 91-105% (RSD% < or =8%), and method detection limits were < or =2 ng/g for FB1 and < or =1 ng/g for FB2. Two different spiking levels were tested (5000 and 100 ng/g for FB1, 1000 and 20 ng/g for FB2). Quantitation was achieved by an external calibration procedure using matrix-matched standards, with diclofenac added post-cleanup as internal standard for the LC/MS/MS analyses. Calibration curves showed linearity in the concentration range 0.005-5 ng/microL of final extract (0.992 < or = R2< or =0.995). Two other fumonisins, FB3 and FB4, were identified in naturally contaminated samples of corn meal using an information-dependent acquisition protocol that looped three experiments, including neutral loss scan, enhanced resolution scan, and enhanced product ion scan. FB3 and FB4 quantitation was estimated as peak area ratios relative to the FB2 response in view of the lack of both standards. This work also includes an application of the present LC/MS/MS method to some maize and maize-based product samples (corn meal, cornflakes and popcorn) collected from Italian stores. FB1 and FB2 contamination levels exceeding the European Union recommendation were found in 8 out of 15 corn meal samples.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Determination of type B fumonisin mycotoxins in maize and maize‐based products by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry using a QqQ_{linear ion trap} mass spectrometer

Faberi

Foglia

Pastorini

et al. 2004

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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“…[9] Vanhoenacker et al in 2009 propose a sample preparation method where liquid chromatography (LC) is preferred for the analysis of less volatile solutes. [6] Presently, a number of reviews and original papers is available over the state-of-the-art of chromatographic methods for residue analysis of pharmaceuticals in samples of environmental concern, [10] for trace residues and contaminants in foods and drinks, [11][12][13] for mycotoxins in biological tissues [14] or for surfactants (e.g. alkylbenzene sulfonates, ethoxylated nonionic surfactants, metabolites) in river water or wastewater.…”

Section: The State-of-the-art In Chromatographic Investigations Towarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sample Preparation for Trace Analysis by Chromatographic Methods

Olariu

Vione

Grinberg

et al. 2010

Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies

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The determination of trace analytes in complex natural matrices often requires extensive sample extraction and preparation prior to chromatographic analysis. Correct sample preparation can reduce analysis time, sources of error, enhance sensitivity and enable unequivocal identification, confirmation and quantification. This overview considers general aspects on sample preparation techniques for trace analysis in various matrices. The discussed extraction/enrichment techniques cover classical methods, such as Soxhlet and liquid-liquid extractions along with more recently developed techniques like pressurized liquid extraction, liquid phase microextraction (LPME), accelerated microwave extraction, and ultrasoundassisted extraction. This overview also deals with more selective methodologies, such as solid phase extraction (SPE), solid phase microextraction (SPME) and stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE). The adopted approach considers the equilibriums involved in each technique. The applicability of each technique in environmental, food, biological and pharmaceutical analyses is discussed, particularly for the determination of trace organic compounds by chromatographic methods.

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“…Associated with several fatal diseases in animals and human esophageal cancer, fumonisins represent a serious concern for many countries. Given the widespread presence of these toxins in corn and their potential risk to public health, a number of separation methods have been developed for their detection and quantification in different matrices [91]. However, most of separation methods demand previous sample derivatization steps with fluorescent labels due to the molecular structure of fumonisins, which features four carboxylic acid moieties but lacks of a strong UV chromophore.…”

Section: Fumonisinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of microbial food contaminants and their products by capillary electromigration techniques

García‐Cañas

Cifuentes

2007

Electrophoresis

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Abbreviations: AFLP, amplified fragment length polymorphism; AGE, agarose gel electrophoresis, ASP, amnesic shellfish poisoning; BGE, background electrolyte; CFP, ciguatera fish poisoning; DA, domoic acid; DCIP, 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol; DSP, diarrhetic shellfish poisoning; DTX, dinophysistoxin; ERIC, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus; FB1, Fumonisin type 1; GTX, gonyautoxins; MC, microcystins; MLVA, multiple locus variable-number tandem-repeat; MTX, maitotoxin; NEO, neosaxitosin; NSP, neurotoxic shellfish poisoning; OA, ochratoxin A; OkA, okadaic acid; PSP, paralytic shellfish poisoning; PEO, polyethylenoxide; STX, saxitoxin; TMV, tobacco mosaic virus; T-RFLP, terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism; TTX, tetrodotoxin; UTIs, urinary tract infections.

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Sample preparation and high-resolution separation of mycotoxins possessing carboxyl groups

Cited by 40 publications

References 78 publications

Determination of type B fumonisin mycotoxins in maize and maize‐based products by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry using a QqQ_{linear ion trap} mass spectrometer

Determination of type B fumonisin mycotoxins in maize and maize‐based products by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry using a QqQ_{linear ion trap} mass spectrometer

Sample Preparation for Trace Analysis by Chromatographic Methods

Detection of microbial food contaminants and their products by capillary electromigration techniques

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Sample preparation and high-resolution separation of mycotoxins possessing carboxyl groups

Cited by 40 publications

References 78 publications

Determination of type B fumonisin mycotoxins in maize and maize‐based products by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry using a QqQlinear ion trap mass spectrometer

Determination of type B fumonisin mycotoxins in maize and maize‐based products by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry using a QqQlinear ion trap mass spectrometer

Sample Preparation for Trace Analysis by Chromatographic Methods

Detection of microbial food contaminants and their products by capillary electromigration techniques

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Determination of type B fumonisin mycotoxins in maize and maize‐based products by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry using a QqQ_{linear ion trap} mass spectrometer

Determination of type B fumonisin mycotoxins in maize and maize‐based products by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry using a QqQ_{linear ion trap} mass spectrometer