2021
DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461961
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Sample preparation and instrumental methods for illicit drugs in environmental and biological samples: A review

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Cited by 51 publications
(15 citation statements)
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“…If a flammable organic solvent including acetone is applied as an extraction solvent and a household microwave is utilized to MAE, sparks that may occur within the range can cause a fire or explosion. So, it is necessary to take suitable measures including as preventing the solvent from leaking into the extraction container to minimize fire and explosion danger [28,29].…”
Section: Microwave and Sonication Extractionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…If a flammable organic solvent including acetone is applied as an extraction solvent and a household microwave is utilized to MAE, sparks that may occur within the range can cause a fire or explosion. So, it is necessary to take suitable measures including as preventing the solvent from leaking into the extraction container to minimize fire and explosion danger [28,29].…”
Section: Microwave and Sonication Extractionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The extraction performance of UAE, MAE, and Soxhlet extraction was compared and the result showed the better performance of UAE [33]. The technique is a simple and cost-effective method [28].…”
Section: Microwave and Sonication Extractionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Sample preparation varies and depends mainly on the aim of analysis and sample form (solid, liquid, or gas) ( Chen et al, 2021 ). For non-biological samples which range from raw materials and cannabis extracts to semi- (mixture of cannabinoids) or fully-purified (single cannabinoid) materials and formulated cannabis preparations (e.g, edible oil or capsule), analysis of cannabinoids is done to determine the chemical profile of cannabinoids.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As far as gas samples like a sample of air is typically prepared through capillary microextraction. For aerosols, liquid-phase extraction is utilized after collecting airborne particles ( Chen et al, 2021 ).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The traditional pretreatment techniques (direct dissolution and injection) generally lack the required sensitivity for analyzing certain GTIs. Among the microextraction techniques, solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is recognized for its high analytical sensitivity and efficiency [ [11] , [12] , [13] ]. Compared with traditional extraction, SPME is merited by higher thermal desorption [ 14 , 15 ], lower solvent consumption, less waste generation, excellent sensitivity, and a simple operating procedure [ 16 , 17 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%