Sample, time, and wording effects on estimating the prevalence of childfree adults: Insights from Japan

Abstract

Objective: The goal of this brief report is to examine the effects of sample composition, time, and question wording on estimates of the prevalence of childfree adults using data from Japanese demographic surveys.Background: Childfree adults neither have nor want children, but estimates of their prevalence vary widely, leading to ambiguity about how common this family status actually is.Method: We pool 83 nationally representative estimates of the prevalence of childfree adults in Japan since 2000 using meta-regression to identify the influence of sex, marital status, year, and survey question.Results: Prevalence estimates are higher when computed from samples of women than men, from samples of singles than married people, from samples collected more recently, and from surveys asking questions about expectations than wants.Conclusion: Much of the variation in estimates of the prevalence of childfree adults can be attributed to differences in sample composition, time, and question wording. Taking these factors into account, over four million Japanese adults age 18-50, or 8.83% of this population, were childfree in 2020.