Sample variability and the measurement of dieldrin content of a soil in the field

Taylor, A. W.; Freeman, Horatio P.; Edwards, William M.

doi:10.1021/jf60177a025

Cited by 38 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Drift while spraying, volatilisation, etc inhibit an even application. A CV of 35% for pesticide application ( n = 41) is acceptable and comparable with other studies 23, 25, 42–45…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Spatial variability of atrazine dissipation in an allophanic soil

Müller

Smith

James

et al. 2003

Pest Management Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The small-scale variability (0.5 m) of atrazine (6-chloro-N2-ethyl-N4-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) concentrations and soil water contents in a volcanic silt loam soil (Haplic Andosol, FAO system) was studied in an area of 0.1 ha. Descriptive and spatial statistics were used to analyse the data. On average we recovered 102% of the applied atrazine 2 h after the herbicide application (CV = 35%). An increase in the CV of the concentrations with depth could be ascribed to a combination of extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Both variables, atrazine concentrations and soil water content, showed a high horizontal variability. The semivariograms of the atrazine concentrations exhibited the pure nugget effect, no pattern could be determined along the 15.5-m long transects on any of the seven sampling days over a 55-day period. Soil water content had a weak spatial autocorrelation with a range of 6-10 m. The dissipation of atrazine analysed using a high vertical sampling resolution of 0.02 m to 0.2 m showed that 70% of the applied atrazine persisted in the upper 0.02-m layer of the soil for 12 days. After 55 days and 410 mm of rainfall the centre of the pesticide mass was still at a soil depth of 0.021 m. The special characteristics of the soil (high organic carbon content, allophanic clay) had a strong influence on atrazine sorption and mobility. The mass recovery after 55 days was low. The laboratory degradation rate for atrazine, determined in a complementary incubation study and corrected for the actual field temperature using the Arrhenius equation, only accounted for about 35% of the losses that occurred in the field. Results suggest field degradation rates to be more changeable in time and much faster than under controlled conditions. Preferential flow is discussed as a component of the field transport process.

show abstract

“…Drift while spraying, volatilisation, etc inhibit an even application. A CV of 35% for pesticide application ( n = 41) is acceptable and comparable with other studies 23, 25, 42–45…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Spatial variability of atrazine dissipation in an allophanic soil

Müller

Smith

James

et al. 2003

Pest Management Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The evidence obtained from this research suggests that alachlor and metolachlor undergo the same glutathione conjugation as a metabolic pathway in soil, which ultimately results in the substitution of chlorine with a sulfonic acid group as shown in Figure 5. Similar problems have been encountered by other researchers when measuring pesticide contents under field conditions (14). An understanding of the formation and final metabolism of the sulfonic acid metabolites of chloroacetanilide herbicides is necessary if glutathione conjugation is to be evaluated as a detoxification process or if the fate of pesticides is to be considered.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Identification of a New Sulfonic Acid Metabolite of Metolachlor in Soil

Aga

Thurman

Yockel

et al. 1996

Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An ethanesulfonic acid metabolite of metolachlor (metolachlor ESA) was identified in soil-sample extracts by negative-ion, fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS) and FAB tandem mass spectrometry (FAB-MS/MS). Product-ion fragments from MS/MS analysis of the deprotonated molecular ion of metolachlor ESA in the soil extract can be reconciled with the structure of the synthesized standard. The elemental compositions of the (M -H)ions of the metolachlor ESA standard and the soil-sample extracts were confirmed by high-resolution mass spectrometry. A dissipation study revealed that metolachlor ESA is formed in soil under field conditions corresponding to a decrease in the concentration of the parent herbicide, metolachlor. The identification of the sulfonated metabolite of metolachlor suggests that the glutathione conjugation pathway is a common detoxification pathway shared by chloroacetanilide herbicides.

show abstract

“…Further, water is frequently added to test portions of soil before extraction [35,36] . Therefore, we investigated how the addition of water would improve the homogenization process.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Efficiency of Processing Soil Samples for Pesticide Residues Analysis

Suszter

Ambrus

Turcu

et al. 2006

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B: Pesticides

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The efficiency of four sample-processing methods was tested with eight different types of soils representing the major proportion of cultivated soils. The principle of sampling constant was applied for characterizing the efficiency of the procedures and testing the well-mixed status of the prepared soil. The test material was 14C-labeled atrazine that enabled keeping the random error of Grinding of soil is applicable for dry soils only, but the test procedure applied was not suitable for estimating a typical uncertainty of processing dry soil samples. Adding dry ice did not improve the efficiency of sample processing.

show abstract

Sample variability and the measurement of dieldrin content of a soil in the field

Cited by 38 publications

References 0 publications

Spatial variability of atrazine dissipation in an allophanic soil

Spatial variability of atrazine dissipation in an allophanic soil

Identification of a New Sulfonic Acid Metabolite of Metolachlor in Soil

Estimation of Efficiency of Processing Soil Samples for Pesticide Residues Analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About