SAP: structure, function, and its roles in immune-related diseases

Xi, Dan; Luo, Tao; Xiong, Haowei; Liu, Jichen; Lü, Hao; Li, Menghao; Hou, Yuqing; Guo, Zhigang

doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.03.179

Cited by 29 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…SAP is generally recognized as a natural antifibrotic agent 9 . Since vascular fibrosis contributes to atherosclerosis, SAP may exhibit a beneficial effect on atherosclerosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SAP is known to affect macrophage activation through Fcγ receptors 6 , 7 . Functional analysis demonstrates that SAP associated with high density lipoprotein (HDL) promotes scavenger receptor class B type Ⅰ (SR-BⅠ)-dependent cholesterol efflux and lipid-free SAP enhances ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1)-dependent cholesterol efflux, suggesting that SAP may play a role in cholesterol removal from cells 8 , 9 . However, the precise role of SAP in HDL function and progression of atherosclerosis remains elusive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serum amyloid P component therapeutically attenuates atherosclerosis in mice via its effects on macrophages

Zhao

Guo

et al. 2018

Theranostics

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Background: A hallmark of atherosclerosis is the formation of macrophage-derived foam cells. Serum amyloid P component (SAP), a member of the pentraxin family of proteins, is known to affect macrophage activation. However, the role of SAP in atherosclerosis is still unclear.Methods: Apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe-/-) mice fed a high-fat diet were given intraperitoneal injections of SAP (6 mg/kg) every other day for a total of 2 weeks to characterize atherosclerosis development.Results: We showed that intraperitoneal injection of SAP attenuated atherosclerosis in Apoe-/- mice. Immunostaining of aortic roots indicated that SAP was up-taken by the lesion area. In SAP-treated mice, serum paraoxonase1 (PON1) activity was increased whereas high-density lipoprotein inflammatory index (HII) was reduced. The cholesterol efflux rate in macrophages was elevated along with the expression of cholesterol efflux proteins. Through bioinformatics analysis followed by experimental validation, we found that proline/serine-rich coiled-coil protein 1 (Psrc1) was an important downstream effector of SAP in macrophages.Conclusions: Our findings reveal an anti-atherosclerotic role of SAP and extend the current knowledge regarding this molecule as a marker for atherosclerosis.

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“…SAP is generally recognized as a natural antifibrotic agent 9 . Since vascular fibrosis contributes to atherosclerosis, SAP may exhibit a beneficial effect on atherosclerosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum amyloid P component therapeutically attenuates atherosclerosis in mice via its effects on macrophages

Zhao

Guo

et al. 2018

Theranostics

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“…Indeed, we have previously demonstrated an important increase in SAP levels in the early phase post acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and an even higher increase of this protein 3 days after the event [36]. SAP deficiency prevents atherosclerosis [37] and it is involved in other key biological processes for the cardiovascular system, such as inflammation, fibrosis, and coagulation [34,38]. Specifically, pentraxins have been shown to contribute to the chronic low-grade inflammatory state that characterizes obesity [39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytosterols and Omega 3 Supplementation Exert Novel Regulatory Effects on Metabolic and Inflammatory Pathways: A Proteomic Study

Lambert¹,

Cubedo

Padró

et al. 2017

Nutrients

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains one of the major causes of death and disability worldwide. In addition to drug treatment, nutritional interventions or supplementations are becoming a health strategy for CVD prevention. Phytosterols (PhyS) are natural components that have been shown to reduce cholesterol levels; while poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), mainly omega-3 (ω3) fatty acids, have shown to reduce triglyceride levels. Here we aimed to investigate whether the proteins in the main lipoproteins (low density lipoproteins (LDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL)) as well as proteins in the lipid free plasma fraction (LPDP) were regulated by the intake of PhyS-milk or ω3-milk, in overweight healthy volunteers by a proteomic based systems biology approach. The study was a longitudinal crossover trial, including thirty-two healthy volunteers with body mass index (BMI) 25–35 kg/m2 (Clinical Trial: ISRCTN78753338). Basal samples before any intervention and after 4 weeks of intake of PhyS or ω3-milk were analyzed. Proteomic profiling by two dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) followed by mass spectrometry-(MALDI/TOF), ELISA, Western blot, conventional biochemical analysis, and in-silico bioinformatics were performed. The intake of PhyS-milk did not induce changes in the lipid associated plasma protein fraction, whereas ω3-milk significantly increased apolipoprotein (Apo)- E LDL content (p = 0.043) and induced a coordinated increase in several HDL-associated proteins, Apo A–I, lecitin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), Apo D, and Apo L1 (p < 0.05 for all). Interestingly, PhyS-milk intake induced a reduction in inflammatory molecules not seen after ω3-milk intake. Serum amyloid P component (SAP) was reduced in the LPDP protein fraction (p = 0.001) of subjects taking PhyS-milk and C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2)expression detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis in white blood cells was significantly reduced (p = 0.013). No changes were observed in the lipid-free plasma proteome with ω3-milk. Our study provides novel results and highlights that the PhyS-milk induces attenuation of the pro-inflammatory pathways, whereas ω3-milk induces improvement in lipid metabolic pathways.

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“…On the other hand, in the lung, SAA1 should not be considered alone as a specific biomarker of lung cancer since its increase is high also in the smokers [26] . SAP is a member of pentraxin family and presents a 66% of homology with C-reactive protein [27] , [28] . In humans, the levels of SAP in the plasma are relatively constant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative proteomic analysis of malignant pleural mesothelioma: Focusing on the biphasic subtype

Giusti

Ciregia

Bonotti

et al. 2016

EuPA Open Proteomics

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SAP: structure, function, and its roles in immune-related diseases

Cited by 29 publications

References 55 publications

Serum amyloid P component therapeutically attenuates atherosclerosis in mice via its effects on macrophages

Serum amyloid P component therapeutically attenuates atherosclerosis in mice via its effects on macrophages

Phytosterols and Omega 3 Supplementation Exert Novel Regulatory Effects on Metabolic and Inflammatory Pathways: A Proteomic Study

Comparative proteomic analysis of malignant pleural mesothelioma: Focusing on the biphasic subtype

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