Sarcopenia: Current Concepts and Imaging Implications

Boutin, Robert D.; Yao, Lawrence; Canter, Robert J.; Lenchik, Leon

doi:10.2214/ajr.15.14635

Cited by 267 publications

(236 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…A certified radiologist blinded to the patients’ clinical history performed muscle measurements in a McKesson Radiology Station using the polygon tracing tool on a single transaxial APCT image at the level of the transverse process of the L3 vertebra [7]. We calculated the PMA as the average of the left and right PMA measurements and defined sarcopenia as the lowest PMA tertile by gender [12].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, in patients with HF, sarcopenia has also been associated with an increased risk of HF-related re-hospitalizations [3, 4], a higher cardiovascular mortality [3], and a higher all-cause mortality [4, 5]. However, identifying sarcopenia in these patients can be cumbersome, as different factors (e.g., circulatory insufficiency, volume overload, and skeletal muscle abnormalities [6]) may contribute to their symptoms, questionnaires have limited predictive power [7], anthropometric measures are prone to error [8], and the changing fluid status may limit some imaging modalities [9]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The psoas muscle area (PMA) measured in axial images of abdominopelvic computed tomography (APCT) has been validated as a surrogate for global muscle mass estimation [7, 10]. Studies that defined sarcopenia using cutoffs based on PMA measurements have found an association with poor early outcomes and high resource utilization in patients undergoing cardiac procedures [11, 12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low Skeletal Muscle Mass Independently Predicts Mortality in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure after an Acute Hospitalization

et al. 2019

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Background: Heart failure (HF) is a syndrome associated with exercise intolerance, and its symptoms are more common in patients with low skeletal muscle mass (SMM). Estimation of muscle mass can be cumbersome and unreliable, particularly in patients with varying body weight. The psoas muscle area (PMA) can be used as a surrogate of sarcopenia and has been associated with poor outcomes in other populations. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess if sarcopenia is associated with the survival of patients with HF after an acute hospitalization. Method: We retrospectively studied a cohort of 160 patients with HF who had abdominopelvic computed tomography during an acute hospitalization. We obtained standardized measurements of their PMA and defined sarcopenia as the lowest gender-based tertile of the said area. The patients were followed until death or discontinuation of care. We used Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox regression analysis to assess the relationship between sarcopenia and all-cause mortality. Results: We found that the 52 patients with sarcopenia had 4.5 times the risk of all-cause mortality at 1 year compared to the rest of the cohort (CI 1.784–11.765; p = 0.0016) after adjusting for significant covariates. Stratification by age and sex revealed that this association could be limited to males and patients < 75 years old. Conclusion: The PMA, used as a surrogate of low SMM, is independently associated with an increased risk of late mortality after an acute hospitalization in patients with HF.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low Skeletal Muscle Mass Independently Predicts Mortality in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure after an Acute Hospitalization

et al. 2019

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“…MRI allows not only the quantification of muscle size (CSA, volume), but also the comprehensive assessment of muscle quality (143,144 (154). All these features make MRI (together with CT) the gold standard in investigating muscle mass and quality in a research setting, however high cost, limited access to the equipment and its complexity limit the use of MRI in routine clinical practice (17,50).…”

Section: Mri In Sarcopeniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative imaging techniques for the assessment of osteoporosis and sarcopenia

Guerri

Mercatelli

Gómez

et al. 2018

Quant. Imaging Med. Surg.

116

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Bone and muscle are two deeply interconnected organs and a strong relationship between them exists in their development and maintenance. The peak of both bone and muscle mass is achieved in early adulthood, followed by a progressive decline after the age of 40. The increase in life expectancy in developed countries resulted in an increase of degenerative diseases affecting the musculoskeletal system. Osteoporosis and sarcopenia represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly population and are associated with a significant increase in healthcare costs. Several imaging techniques are currently available for the non-invasive investigation of bone and muscle mass and quality. Conventional radiology, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound often play a complementary role in the study of osteoporosis and sarcopenia, depicting different aspects of the same pathology. This paper presents the different imaging modalities currently used for the investigation of bone and muscle mass and quality in osteoporosis and sarcopenia with special emphasis on the clinical applications and limitations of each technique and with the intent to provide interesting insights into recent advances in the field of conventional imaging, novel high-resolution techniques and fracture risk.

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“…Ultrasound is a safe and effective method for the assessment of muscle mass and offers several advantages such as low cost, the ease of use and relative accessibility (4). As has been reported in the literature, sarcopenia is not a uniform condition but affects postural muscles more than non-postural muscles (5,6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuromusculoskeletal Causes of Severe Disability in a Tertiary Hospital in Turkey

Sarikaya¹

2018

tjgeri

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Introduction:Muscle loss is associated with increased frailty in the geriatric population. In this study, we aimed to explore the association of ultrasonographic measurements of extremity muscle thickness with functional capacity, balance and falls.Materials and Method: Fifty patients aged >65 years were enrolled. Upper arm and thigh muscle thicknesses were measured using ultrasound, and hand grip strength was measured using a handheld dynamometer. The functional capacity of lower extremity was assessed on the basis of walking speed and a chair stand test. The timed up and go test and four square step test were used to evaluate dynamic balance. The fear of falling was assessed using Tinetti's Scale.Results: The mean age of patients was 71.8±5.7 years. Measurements of the thigh muscle thickness of patients were negatively correlated with walking speed, timed up and go test, four square step test and the fear of falling (p<0.01) and positively with chair stand test (p<0.05) and hand grip strength (p<0.001). Hand grip strength was positively correlated with chair stand test and negatively with walking speed, timed up and go test, four square step test and Tinetti's scores (p<0.01). Measurements of upper arm muscle thickness were positively correlated with hand grip strength (p<0.01).Conclusion: Ultrasonographic assessment of lower extremity muscle thickness seems to improve the predictability of decline in functional capacity and loss of balance, possibly contributing to prevention of falls in the elderly.Keywords: Muscular atrophy; Sarcopenia; Ultrasonography Giriş: Yaşlı popülasyonda kas kayıplarının kırılganlığı artırdığı bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada ultrasonografi ile ölçülen ekstremite kas kalınlıklarının fonksiyonel kapasite, denge ve düşmeler ile ilişkilerini incelemeyi amaçladık.Gereç ve yöntem: Çalışmaya 65 yaş üstü 50 olgu dahil edildi. Ultrasonografi ile üst kol ve uyluk kas kalınlıkları, el dinamometresi ile el kavrama kuvveti ölçüldü. Alt ekstremite fonksiyonel kapasitesi 10 metre yürüme hızı ve otur kalk testi ile değerlendirildi. Dinamik dengenin değerlendirilmesinde zamanlı kalk yürü testi ve dört kare adım testi kullanıldı. Düşme korkusu Tinetti ölçeği ile değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Elli olgunun yaş ortalaması 71.8±5.7 yıl olarak saptandı. Hastaların uyluk kas kalınlıkları; yürüme hızı, zamanlı kalk yürü testi, dört kare adım testi ve düşme korkusu ile negatif (p değerleri<0.01), otur kalk testi (p<0.05) ve el kavrama kuvveti (p<0.001) ile pozitif yönde ilişkili idi. El kavrama kuvveti de otur kalk testi ile pozitif, yürüme hızı, zamanlı kalk yürü testi, dört kare adım testi ve Tinetti skorları ile negatif yönde ilişkili bulundu (p<0.01). Üst kol kas kalınlıkları ise sadece el kavrama kuvveti ile pozitif yönde ilişkili idi (p<0.01).Sonuç: Yaşlılarda ultrasonografi ile alt ekstremite kas kalınlıklarının değerlendirilmesi, fonksiyonel kapasite ve denge kayıplarının öngörülebilirliğini artırarak; düşmelerin önlenmesine katkı yapabilir gibi görünmektedir.

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Sarcopenia: Current Concepts and Imaging Implications

Cited by 267 publications

References 116 publications

Low Skeletal Muscle Mass Independently Predicts Mortality in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure after an Acute Hospitalization

Low Skeletal Muscle Mass Independently Predicts Mortality in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure after an Acute Hospitalization

Quantitative imaging techniques for the assessment of osteoporosis and sarcopenia

Neuromusculoskeletal Causes of Severe Disability in a Tertiary Hospital in Turkey

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