SARS-CoV-2 in a stream running through an underprivileged, underserved, urban settlement in São Paulo, Brazil: A 7-month follow-up

Razzolini, María Tereza Pepe; Barbosa, Mikaela Renata Funada; Araújo, Ronalda Silva de; Oliveira, Ivo Freitas de; Mendes-Corrêa, Maria Cássia; Sabino, Ester C.; Garcia, Suzi Cristina; A, de Paula; Villas-Boas, Lucy Santos; Costa, Sílvia Figueiredo; Dropa, Milena; Assis, Denise Brandão de; Levin, Beatriz S.; Lima, Antônio Carlos Pedroso de; Levin, Anna Sara Shafferman

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118003

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…A few studies have evaluated the infectivity in cell cultures of SARS-CoV-2 isolated from water and sewage samples (Rimoldi et al 2020;Razzolini et al 2021;Westhaus et al 2021), and as reported in the present study, the presence of infectious SARS-CoV-2 was also not evidenced. Factors like the propagation process, susceptibility of cells and incubation time may affect the sensitivity of viral culture.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…Mota et al (2021) and Prado et al (2021) in decentralized monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in sewages from Belo Horizonte and Rio de Janeiro, two other large Brazilian cities, showed that wastewater monitoring data is more sensitive for identifying hotspots in vulnerable areas than clinical/epidemiological data, allowing early intervention actions by public health authorities. Razzolini et al (2021) followed the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentration for 7 months in a contaminated stream that receives raw sewage from an urban underprivileged settlement in the city of São Paulo and observed a statistically significant correlation between SARS-CoV-2 concentration in water and COVID-19 cases in the community. The authors concluded that virus concentration in the environment reflects the epidemiological status of the community.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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One-year surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater from vulnerable urban communities in metropolitan São Paulo, Brazil

Barbosa

Garcia

Bruni

et al. 2022

Journal of Water and Health

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The current COVID-19 pandemic has emphasized the vulnerability of communities living in the urban outskirts and informal settlements. The lack of reliable COVID-19 case data highlights the importance and application of wastewater-based epidemiology. This study aimed to monitor the COVID-19 trends in four vulnerable urban communities (slums and low-income neighborhoods) in metropolitan São Paulo by assessing the SARS-CoV-2 RNA viral load in wastewater. We analyzed 160 samples from May 2020 to June 2021 with weekly or fortnightly samplings. The samples were ultracentrifuged with glycine elution and quantified by N1/N2 SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR. The results of positivity were 100% (Paraisópolis, Heliópolis and Cidade Tiradentes) and 76.9% (Vila Brasilândia). The new case numbers of COVID-19, counted from the onset of symptoms, positively correlated with SARS-CoV-2 N1 viral loads from the two largest communities (p<0.001). SARS-CoV-2 infectivity was tested in Vero E6 cells after concentration with the two techniques, ultrafiltration (Centricon® Plus-70 10 kDa) and sucrose cushion ultracentrifugation, but none of the evaluated samples presented positive results. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis from samples collected in March and August 2021 revealed the presence of the clade 20 J (lineage P.1) belonging to the most prevalent circulating variant in the country. Our results showed that wastewater surveillance data can be used as complementary indicators to monitor the dynamics and temporal trends of COVID-19. The infectivity test results strengthened the evidence of low risk of infection associated with SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-year surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater from vulnerable urban communities in metropolitan São Paulo, Brazil

Barbosa

Garcia

Bruni

et al. 2022

Journal of Water and Health

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“…It can be observed that the smaller WWTPs (CIC-Xisto, Padilha Sul, and Santa Quitéria), presented its highest correlation values with lag 1 (seven days after sampling), whereas the largest WTTPs (Atuba and Belém) showed higher correlation, respectively, with lag -1 (seven days before sampling) or lag 2 (14 days after sampling). A systematic review of correlation measurements of viral titers in sewage and the number of COVID-19 cases reported values ranging -0.38 to 0.99 (Li et al 2023b ), with studies in Brazil showing positive correlations between 0.41–0.63 (Bueno et al 2022 ), and regression coefficients ranging from 0.22–0.71 (Barbosa et al 2022 ; Razzolini et al 2021 ). In comparison to the values reported for Brazil, the ones found for Curitiba in the present study are among the highest found for the country, which can be related to the high sewer coverage in the city.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, they have been adopted successfully in several countries on all continents with human settlements (Street et al 2020 ; Ahmed et al 2020 ; Gonzalez et al 2020 ; Arora et al 2020 ; Agrawal et al 2021b , a ; Weidhaas et al 2021 ; Bar-Or et al 2021 ; Hasan et al 2021 ; Saththasivam et al 2021 ; Carrillo-Reyes et al 2021 ; Wu et al 2021 ; Yaniv et al 2021 ; Giraud-Billoud et al 2021 ). In Brazil, the monitoring and quantification of viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) as a tool for epidemiological monitoring was readily implemented in some cities, with published reports from Niteroi (Rio de Janeiro State) (Prado et al 2020 , 2021 ), São Paulo and adjacent cities (São Paulo State) (Claro et al 2021 ; Razzolini et al 2021 ; Barbosa et al 2022 ; Bueno et al 2022 ; Martins et al 2022 ), Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais State) (Chernicharo et al 2020 ; Mota et al 2021 ) and rural settings in southeastern Minas Gerais (Fongaro et al 2021 ), Goiânia (Goiás State), the Federal District, and Foz do Iguaçu (Paraná State) (Bueno et al 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

20-Month monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater of Curitiba, in Southern Brazil

Belmonte-Lopes,

Barquilha,

Kozak

et al. 2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the collapse of healthcare systems and led to the development and application of several approaches of wastewater-based epidemiology to monitor infected populations. The main objective of this study was to carry out a SARS-CoV-2 wastewater based surveillance in Curitiba, Southern Brazil Sewage samples were collected weekly for 20 months at the entrance of five treatment plants representing the entire city and quantified by qPCR using the N1 marker. The viral loads were correlated with epidemiological data. The correlation by sampling points showed that the relationship between the viral loads and the number of reported cases was best described by a cross-correlation function, indicating a lag between 7 and 14 days amidst the variables, whereas the data for the entire city presented a higher correlation (0.84) with the number of positive tests at lag 0 (sampling day). The results also suggest that the Omicron VOC resulted in higher titers than the Delta VOC. Overall, our results showed that the approach used was robust as an early warning system, even with the use of different epidemiological indicators or changes in the virus variants in circulation. Therefore, it can contribute to public decision-makers and health interventions, especially in vulnerable and low-income regions with limited clinical testing capacity. Looking toward the future, this approach will contribute to a new look at environmental sanitation and should even induce an increase in sewage coverage rates in emerging countries. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11356-023-27926-x.

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“…Studies from several countries have reported the presence of the novel coronavirus in wastewater, including the Netherlands (Medema et al 2020 ), USA (Duvallet et al 2022 ; Sherchan et al 2020 ; Toledo et al 2022 ), UK (Wade et al 2022 ), South Africa (Tlhagale et al 2022 ), Japan (Tanimoto et al 2022 ; Zhu et al 2022 ), France (Foladori et al 2020 ; Wurtzer et al 2020 ), Italy (Rimoldi et al 2020a , 2020b ; Forthomme 2020 ), Spain (Chavarria-Miró et al 2021 ; Randazzo et al 2020 ), India (Kumar et al 2022a , 2021 , 2020 ), Brazil (Ayrimoraes et al n.d. ; Chernicharo et al 2021a ; Claro et al 2021 ; Fongaro et al 2021a , 2021b ; Pepe Razzolini et al 2021 ; Prado et al 2020 ; Salvato et al 2021 ), and Australia (Ahmed et al 2021 , 2020 ), and in surface water or underground water: Iran (Jeddi et al 2022 ), Mexico (Mahlknecht et al 2021 ; Rosiles-González et al 2021 ; Zarza et al 2022 ), India (Kumar et al 2022a , 2022b , 2021 , 2020 ), Ecuador (Guerrero-Latorre et al 2020a ), Brazil (Fongaro et al 2021a ; Pepe Razzolini et al 2021 ), Serbia (Kolarević et al 2021 ), and Dominican Republic (Rodríguez Rodríguez et al 2021 ). Many of these studies focused their analyses on sampling sewage at treatment plant influents or at intermediate locations, such as sewage pumping stations, since those points concentrate the wastewater of the monitored population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil

Dutra,

Stein,

da Rocha

et al. 2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Since starts the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic identified the presence of genomic fragments of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in various environmental matrices: domestic sewage, surface waters, and contaminated freshwater. Environmental monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 is a tool for evaluating trend curves over the months, compared to several clinical cases of the disease. The objective of this study was to monitor the SARS-CoV-2 in environmental samples collected in different sites in a metropolitan area of Porto Alegre, Southern Brazil. During 10 months from 2020 to 2021, 300 samples were collected weekly and biweekly from nine points located in 3 cities: one point from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in São Leopoldo (fortnightly collection), two points in Dilúvio Stream in Porto Alegre (fortnightly collection), two points in Pampa and Luiz Rau Streams (weekly collection), and two points in public fountains (fortnightly collection) in Novo Hamburgo. After collection, samples were concentrated by ultracentrifugation, and viral nucleic acids were extracted using MagMax® Core Nucleic Acid Purifications kits and submitted to RT-qPCR, using E, N1, and N2 gene targets of SARS-CoV-2. Only 7% (3/41) samples from public fountains were positive, with a mean viral load (VL) of SARS-CoV-2 RNA of 5.02 × 101 gc/l (2.41~8.59 × 101 gc/l), while the streams had average VL of 7.43 × 105 gc/l (Pampa), 7.06 × 105 gc/l (Luiz Rau), 2.01 × 105 gc/l (Dilúvio), and 4.46 × 105 cg/l (WWTP). The results showed varying levels of viral presence in different sample types, with a demonstrated correlation between environmental viral load and clinical COVID-19 cases. These findings contribute to understanding virus persistence and transmission pathways in the environment. Continuous monitoring, especially in less developed regions, is crucial for early detection of vaccine resistance, new variants, and potential COVID-19 resurgence.

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SARS-CoV-2 in a stream running through an underprivileged, underserved, urban settlement in São Paulo, Brazil: A 7-month follow-up

Cited by 8 publications

References 41 publications

One-year surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater from vulnerable urban communities in metropolitan São Paulo, Brazil

One-year surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater from vulnerable urban communities in metropolitan São Paulo, Brazil

20-Month monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater of Curitiba, in Southern Brazil

Environmental monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil

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