SARS-CoV-2 Inhibition by Sulfonated Compounds

Gasbarri, Matteo; V’kovski, Philip; Torriani, Giulia; Thiel, Volker; Stellacci, Francesco; Tapparel, Caroline; Cagno, Valeria

doi:10.3390/microorganisms8121894

Cited by 23 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…[98] Gold nanoparticles coated by decanesulfonic acid ligands inhibited the activity of authentic SARS-CoV-2 in a nanomolar range, and contrarily to most of the strategies that targeted the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 cell entry by blocking spike protein-ACE2 receptor binding, this sulfonated nanomaterial can inhibit SARS-CoV-2 attachment by blocking spike protein-HS receptors binding and was suggested as simply reversible and potent antiviral agents. [99] A simple, highly selective, sensitive, and rapid method for detecting the SARS-CoV-2 virus in nasopharyngeal swab samples from COVID-19 patients, without sample pre-treatment/ labeling, was performed on a field-effect transistor (FET)-based biosensor using functionalized-graphene sheets as a receptor [84] (Figure 5C). The sensor target detected the SARS-CoV-2 antigen protein, cultured SARS-CoV-2 virus, and SARS-CoV-2 from clinical samples.…”

Section: Nanomaterials and The Novel Sars-cov-2: Recent Advances To Reduce The Spread Of Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances on Nanomaterials to COVID‐19 Management: A Systematic Review on Antiviral/Virucidal Agents and Mechanisms of SARS‐CoV‐2 Inhibition/Inactivation

Carvalho

Conté-Júnior

2021

Global Challenges

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A novel beta-coronavirus, the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), or the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, was described as the causative agent of the pneumonia outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), first reported in December 2019 in a local seafood market of Wuhan, Hubei province, China. [1,2] The same beta-coronavirus genus of SARS-CoV-2 was earlier the causative of viral pneumonia pandemics caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) that emerged in 2002 in China and 2012 in the Arabian Peninsula, respectively. [3] The World Health Organization reported, globally, as of 30 January 2021, more than 101 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 2 196 944 deaths. [4] Due to lockdown and quarantine, humanity is now facing its worst economic crisis since World WarThe current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is recognized as a public health emergency of worldwide concern. Nanomaterials can be effectively used to detect, capture/inactivate or inhibit coronavirus cell entry/ replication in the human host cell, preventing infection. Their potential for nanovaccines, immunoengineering, diagnosis, repurposing medication, and disinfectant surfaces targeting the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is highlighted. In this systematic review the aim is to present an unbiased view of which and how nanomaterials can reduce the spread of COVID-19. Herein, the focus is on SARS-CoV-2, analyzing 46 articles retrieved before December 31, 2020. The interface between nanomaterials is described, and the main mechanisms to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and viral inactivation are also discussed. Nanocarbons, biopolymeric, copper, and silver nanoparticles are potential antiviral and virucidal agents toward self-cleaning and reusable filter media and surfaces (e.g., facial masks), drug administration, vaccines, and immunodiagnostic assays. Trends in toxicology research and safety tests can help fill the main gaps in the literature and overcome health surveillance's challenges. Phytochemicals delivery by nanocarriers also stand out as candidates to target and bio-friendly therapy. Nanocellulose might fill in the gaps. Future research using nanomaterials targeting novel therapies/prophylaxis measures to COVID-19 and future outbreaks is discussed.

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Section: Nanomaterials and The Novel Sars-cov-2: Recent Advances To Reduce The Spread Of Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances on Nanomaterials to COVID‐19 Management: A Systematic Review on Antiviral/Virucidal Agents and Mechanisms of SARS‐CoV‐2 Inhibition/Inactivation

Carvalho

Conté-Júnior

2021

Global Challenges

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“…The IC 50 ranged from 0.046 to 1.54 g/ml. 75 The activity of iota-form against SARS-CoV-2 was also studied using Vero E6 and showed less inhibition compared with Vero B4 76 , 77 . A study using two commercial pharmaceutical products, namely viruseptin nasal contained 1.2 mg/ml iota-and 0.4 mg/ml kappa-carrageenan (A) and viruseptin oral contained 1.2 mg/ml iota-form (B), showed inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 at IC 50 of 20 and 37μg/ml, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The antiviral activity of iota-, kappa-, and lambda-carrageenan against COVID-19: A critical review

Frediansyah¹

2021

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health

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Objective There is no specific antiviral treatment available for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Among the possible natural constituents is carrageenan, a polymer derived from marine algae that possesses a variety of antiviral properties. The purpose of this review was to summarize the evidence supporting carrageenan subtypes' antiviral activity against the emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19. Methods PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar searches were conducted for publications using the terms ‘carrageenan’, ‘iota carrageenan’, ‘kappa carrageenan’, lambda-carrageenan’, 'coronavirus', ‘common cold’, 'rhinovirus', and ‘SARS-CoV-2′ search was also done in grey literature to increase our understanding. A search for the word “carrageenan” was also carried out. Most of the publications were discussed in narrative. Results Carrageenan has been shown to have potent antiviral activity against both coronaviruses (coronavirus NL63, SARS-CoV-2) and non-coronaviruses such as dengue virus, herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, vaccinia virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, sindbis virus, human immunodeficiency virus, influenza virus, human papillomavirus, rabies virus, junin virus, tacaribe virus, African swine fever, bovine herpes virus, suid herpes virus, and rhinovirus. No in vivo study has been conducted using carrageenan as an anti-SARS-CoV-2 agent. The majority of the in vivo research was done on influenza, a respiratory virus that causes common cold together with coronavirus. Thus, various clinical trials were conducted to determine the transferability of these in vitro data to clinical effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2. When combined with oral ivermectin, nasally administered iota-carrageenan improved outcome in COVID-19 patients. It is still being tested in clinics for single-dose administration. Conclusion Though the carrageenan exhibited potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 and was used to treat COVID-19 under emergency protocol in conjunction with oral medications such as ivermectin, there is no solid evidence from clinical trials to support its efficacy. Thus, clinical trials are required to assess its efficacy for COVID-19 treatment prior to broad application.

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“…Several molecules interacting with or mimicking HS have been reported to exert antiviral activities against SARS-CoV-2 by acting on this putative mechanism, including human or bovine lactoferrin [64,65], sulfonated nanoparticles and cyclodextrins [94], and heparin and heparin analogues [52,77,93,95]. However, the range of inhibitory doses is variable, as is the strength of interaction between the spike and the heparin measured by SPR analysis [92].…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 Dependency On Glycansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viruses Like Sugars: How to Assess Glycan Involvement in Viral Attachment

Mathez

Cagno

2021

Microorganisms

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The first step of viral infection requires interaction with the host cell. Before finding the specific receptor that triggers entry, the majority of viruses interact with the glycocalyx. Identifying the carbohydrates that are specifically recognized by different viruses is important both for assessing the cellular tropism and for identifying new antiviral targets. Advances in the tools available for studying glycan–protein interactions have made it possible to identify them more rapidly; however, it is important to recognize the limitations of these methods in order to draw relevant conclusions. Here, we review different techniques: genetic screening, glycan arrays, enzymatic and pharmacological approaches, and surface plasmon resonance. We then detail the glycan interactions of enterovirus D68 and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), highlighting the aspects that need further clarification.

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SARS-CoV-2 Inhibition by Sulfonated Compounds

Cited by 23 publications

References 35 publications

Recent Advances on Nanomaterials to COVID‐19 Management: A Systematic Review on Antiviral/Virucidal Agents and Mechanisms of SARS‐CoV‐2 Inhibition/Inactivation

Recent Advances on Nanomaterials to COVID‐19 Management: A Systematic Review on Antiviral/Virucidal Agents and Mechanisms of SARS‐CoV‐2 Inhibition/Inactivation

The antiviral activity of iota-, kappa-, and lambda-carrageenan against COVID-19: A critical review

Viruses Like Sugars: How to Assess Glycan Involvement in Viral Attachment

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