SARS-CoV-2 Lambda and Gamma variants competition in Peru, a country with high seroprevalence

Vargas-Herrera, Natalia; Araujo‐Castillo, Roger V.; Mestanza, Orson; Galarza, Marco; Rojas‐Serrano, Nancy; Solari, Lely

doi:10.1016/j.lana.2021.100112

Cited by 35 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…SARS-CoV-2 viral load peaks in this figure correspond to the second wave of infections registered for Lima and Callao. 51 (A) SARS-CoV-2 viral load vs confirmed number of deceased. (B) SARS-CoV-2 viral load vs confirmed COVID-19 cases.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in the Sewage of Three Major Urban Areas in Peru: Generating Valuable Data Where Clinical Testing Is Extremely Limited

et al. 2022

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Peru has been severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. By January 2022, Peru had surpassed 200 000 COVID-19 deaths, constituting the highest death rate per capita worldwide. Peru has had several limitations during the pandemic: insufficient testing access, limited contact tracing, a strained medical infrastructure, and many economic hurdles. These limitations hindered the gathering of accurate information about infected individuals with spatial resolution in real time, a critical aspect of effectively controlling the pandemic. Wastewater monitoring for SARS-CoV-2 RNA offered a promising alternative for providing needed population-wide information to complement health care indicators. In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility and value of implementing a decentralized SARS-CoV-2 RNA wastewater monitoring system to assess the spatiotemporal distribution of COVID-19 in three major cities in Peru: Lima, Callao, and Arequipa. Our data on viral loads showed the same trends as health indicators such as incidence and mortality. Furthermore, we were able to identify hot spots of contagion within the surveyed urban areas to guide the efforts of health authorities. Viral decay in the sewage network of the cities studied was found to be negligible (<2%). Overall, our results support wastewater monitoring for SARS-CoV-2 as a valuable and cost-effective tool for monitoring the COVID-19 pandemic in the Peruvian context.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in the Sewage of Three Major Urban Areas in Peru: Generating Valuable Data Where Clinical Testing Is Extremely Limited

et al. 2022

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“…Then, Peru faced its most deathly wave caused by different and more contagious SARS-CoV-2 variants, including lambda, gamma, and delta, with anecdotic cases of alpha and mu 37 . In the timeline, during the second wave, the SARS-CoV-2 variants predominance shifted from Lambda predominance, which competed with gamma and displaced the ancestor variant completely 38 , towards delta predominance, which was first reported downhill in the second wave and along its end completely displaced Lambda and the other SARS-CoV-2 variants prior. In the third wave, omicron violently spread across the country, completely displacing delta in one month, starting and predominating along with the whole wave.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional clustering and waves patterns due to COVID-19 by the index virus and the lambda/gamma, and delta/omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants in Peru

et al. 2022

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Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) impact varies substantially due to various factors, so it is critical to characterize its main differences to inform decision-makers about where to focus their interventions and differentiate mitigation strategies. Up to this date, little is known about the patterns and regional clustering of COVID-19 waves worldwide. Methods: We assessed the patterns and regional clustering of COVID-19 waves in Peru by using the weekly mortality rates for each of the 25 regions as an outcome of interest. We obtained the death counts from the National Informatics System of Deaths and population estimates from the National Registry of Identification and Civil Status. In addition, we characterized each wave according to its duration, peak, and mortality rates by age group and gender. Additionally, we used polynomial regression models to compare them graphically and performed a cluster analysis to identify regional patterns. Results: We estimated the average mortality rate at the first, second, and third wave at 13.01, 14.12, and 9.82 per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively, with higher mortality rates among elders and men. The patterns of each wave varied substantially in terms of duration, peak, impact, and wave shapes. Based on our clustering analysis, during the first wave caused by the index virus, the 25 regions of Peru presented six different wave patterns. However, the regions were clustered in two different wave patterns during the second and third, caused by alpha/lambda/delta and omicron. Conclusions: The propagation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) variants behaved in Peru with varying wave patterns and regional clustering. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the weekly mortality rates followed different spatiotemporal patterns with solid clustering, which might help project the impact of future waves of COVID-19.

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“…As the majority of blood donors had asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic illnesses, the found protection against reinfection does not generalize to cohorts of exclusively hospitalized or symptomatic people. 64 , 69 , 70 …”

Section: Variants Of the Sars‐cov‐2mentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS‐CoV‐2 variants and vulnerability at the global level

Chavda

Patel

Vaghasiya

2022

Journal of Medical Virology

103

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Numerous variants of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic have evolved. As viral variants may evolve with harmful susceptibility to the immunity established with the existing COVID‐19 vaccination, these variations are more transmissible, induce relatively extreme illness, have evasive immunological features, decrease neutralization using antibodies from vaccinated persons, and are more susceptible to re‐infection. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has categorized SARS‐CoV‐2 mutations as variants of interest (VOI), variants of concern (VOC), and variants of high consequence (VOHC). At the moment, four VOC and many variants of interest have been defined and require constant observation. This review article summarizes various variants of SARS‐CoV‐2 surfaced with special emphasis on VOCs that are spreading across the world, as well as several viral mutational impacts and how these modifications alter the properties of the virus.

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SARS-CoV-2 Lambda and Gamma variants competition in Peru, a country with high seroprevalence

Cited by 35 publications

References 10 publications

Spatiotemporal Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in the Sewage of Three Major Urban Areas in Peru: Generating Valuable Data Where Clinical Testing Is Extremely Limited

Spatiotemporal Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in the Sewage of Three Major Urban Areas in Peru: Generating Valuable Data Where Clinical Testing Is Extremely Limited

Regional clustering and waves patterns due to COVID-19 by the index virus and the lambda/gamma, and delta/omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants in Peru

SARS‐CoV‐2 variants and vulnerability at the global level

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