SARS-CoV-2-Specific IgG and IgA response in maternal blood and breastmilk of vaccinated naïve and convalescent lactating participants

Longueira, Yésica; Ojeda, Diego S.; Battistelli, Rocio B. Antivero; Sánchez, Lautaro; Rouco, Santiago Oviedo; Albano, Daniel; Guevara, Eleonora; Valls, Vanesa; Pando, María A.; Gamarnik, Andrea V.

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.909995

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…In contrast, in a few studies, IgG levels decreased significantly both in serum and breast milk paired samples, which is in agreement with other previous studies based on mRNA vaccine. [17][18][19][20] However, in the present study, two different (unpaired) parameters are correlated, which have different immune dynamics.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

SARS-CoV-2-specific Antibody Response Pattern in Human Breast Milk—Post-COVID-19 Vaccination: A Longitudinal Study

Benachinmardi,

Manjula,

Sumantara

et al. 2024

The Journal of Medical Sciences

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This is a longitudinal, prospective, monocentric study in a tertiary care hospital in Bengaluru, Karnataka. The study was done in the introduction Recently, we witnessed the greatest pandemic of this century, COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), affecting >172 million people worldwide with nearly 2.8 million deaths. 1 COVID-19 pandemic was controlled by mass vaccination of the population of all countries throughout the world. SARS-CoV-2 affected both pregnant and lactating mothers equally. However, no trials have been conducted on pregnant and lactating mothers to look for immune responses in them. Even though there is evidence of vertical transmission of the virus in 1-7% of COVID-19 cases during pregnancy, transplacental antibody transfer is certain for both infection and vaccination. As there is no evidence of transmission of SARS through breast milk and the benefits outweigh the risks, breastfeeding is encouraged to benefit both mother and child health. 2 As there is availability of information on mRNA-vaccinated mothers producing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in serum and breast milk, at the same time, data is lacking on other COVID vaccine effects in lactating mothers, like recombinant vaccine (Covishield) from India. Hence, this study was undertaken to provide information on vaccine-induced breast milk antibody immunoglobulin (Ig) A and IgG response in the serum of mothers and also to observe the persistence of these antibodies postvaccination at different periods in lactating women.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

SARS-CoV-2-specific Antibody Response Pattern in Human Breast Milk—Post-COVID-19 Vaccination: A Longitudinal Study

Benachinmardi,

Manjula,

Sumantara

et al. 2024

The Journal of Medical Sciences

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“…These antibodies are present in high amounts in the colostrum. Colostrum contains high amounts of peptides and β-defensin-2 levels in breastmilk which is a defense molecule for intestinal health in pediatric patients [ 9 , 10 ]. Other factors in breastmilk directly stimulate and promote the immune system, such factors include lactoferrin and interleukin-6, -8, and -10.…”

Section: Discussion (Table 1 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges of breastfeeding during COVID-19 and baby friendly protocols adopted at a maternity health center in the northern Emirates of UAE: a comprehensive review

Ahmad,

Qureshi,

Odeh

et al. 2024

J Health Popul Nutr

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Background The outbreak of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) has caused worldwide panic in the global population taking people's lives, creating fear, and affecting mother–child relationships. Many questions were raised on the dangers of being infected with COVID-19 for newborns and safety concerns during feeding by COVID-19-positive mothers. Moreover, questions and doubts about the safety of the administration of vaccinations for nursing mothers are still open. This review attempts to fill the existing literature gap by exploring concepts concerning COVID-19 and breastfeeding mothers, the safety of vaccinations, the beneficial effects of breastfeeding on both mother and child, important hygiene recommendations for SARS-CoV-2 infected mothers, and possible solutions to optimize breastfeeding and safety precautions amidst the fear of emergence of novel variants. Methods All relevant publications from Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus search engines from December 2019 to October 2022 related to SARS-CoV-2, breastfeeding, COVID-19, lactating guidelines, and vaccination were included using ‘Breastfeeding AND vaccine AND SARS-CoV-2’ as MESH TERMS. Apart from the literature review, existing maternity protocols followed in Northern UAE were gathered from lactation consultants practicing in the UAE. Results Out of 19,391 records generated, only 24 studies were analyzed and summarized in this exhaustive review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flow chart. Previous studies suggest that breastmilk is predominantly the primary source of nutrition for neonates. Breast milk is a rich source of antibodies that help the baby to fight against infections including other benefits. Hygiene recommendations for suspected or confirmed COVID-19-infected mothers are required along with psychological and emotional support. Conclusions The administration of vaccinations should be advised and encouraged to protect the mothers with antibodies and the neonates by the passive transmission of antibodies through breast milk. This is a significant reason for not stopping breastfeeding even in case of COVID-19 infection. With adherence to proper hygiene methods, breastfeeding is recommended to be continued as the benefits greatly outweigh the risks.

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“…However, clinical data on the durability and benefits of maternal hybrid immunization remain limited. Information on this type of protection stems from studies investigating maternal and newborn protective antibody levels, which indicate high levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific immunoglobulins in maternal blood, cord blood, and milk after vaccinating recovered pregnant women, compared to recovered non-vaccinated pregnant women 13 , 19 , 20 . Our study further expands current knowledge with substantial clinical data, illustrating how maternal hybrid immunity translates to early infant protection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal hybrid immunity and risk of infant COVID-19 hospitalizations: national case-control study in Israel

Guedalia,

Lipschuetz,

Cahen-Peretz

et al. 2024

Nat Commun

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Hybrid immunity, acquired through vaccination followed or preceded by a COVID-19 infection, elicits robust antibody augmentation. We hypothesize that maternal hybrid immunity will provide greater infant protection than other forms of COVID-19 immunity in the first 6 months of life. We conducted a case-control study in Israel, enrolling 661 infants up to 6 months of age, hospitalized with COVID-19 (cases) and 59,460 age-matched non-hospitalized infants (controls) between August 24, 2021, and March 15, 2022. Infants were grouped by maternal immunity status at delivery: Naïve (never vaccinated or tested positive, reference group), Hybrid-immunity (vaccinated and tested positive), Natural-immunity (tested positive before or during the study period), Full-vaccination (two-shot regimen plus 1 booster), and Partial-vaccination (less than full three shot regimen). Applying Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the hazard ratios, which was then converted to percent vaccine effectiveness, and using the Naïve group as the reference, maternal hybrid-immunity provided the highest protection (84% [95% CI 75-90]), followed by full-vaccination (66% [95% CI 56-74]), natural-immunity (56% [95% CI 39-68]), and partial-vaccination (29% [95% CI 15-41]). Maternal hybrid-immunity was associated with a reduced risk of infant hospitalization for Covid-19, as compared to natural-immunity, regardless of exposure timing or sequence. These findings emphasize the benefits of vaccinating previously infected individuals during pregnancy to reduce COVID-19 hospitalizations in early infancy.

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SARS-CoV-2-Specific IgG and IgA response in maternal blood and breastmilk of vaccinated naïve and convalescent lactating participants

Cited by 8 publications

References 46 publications

SARS-CoV-2-specific Antibody Response Pattern in Human Breast Milk—Post-COVID-19 Vaccination: A Longitudinal Study

SARS-CoV-2-specific Antibody Response Pattern in Human Breast Milk—Post-COVID-19 Vaccination: A Longitudinal Study

Challenges of breastfeeding during COVID-19 and baby friendly protocols adopted at a maternity health center in the northern Emirates of UAE: a comprehensive review

Maternal hybrid immunity and risk of infant COVID-19 hospitalizations: national case-control study in Israel

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