SARS-CoV-2: the emergence of a viral pathogen causing havoc on human existence

Prasad, Manoj; Prasad, Manoj

doi:10.1007/s12041-020-01205-x

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…COVID-19 outbreak is the result of transmission of the virus to humans from animals (Gorbalenya et al, 2020). There is neither a drug nor a vaccine available for SARS-CoV2 (Prasad & Prasad, 2020). SARS-CoV2 belongs to the genus -Betacoronavirus, Subfamily -Orthocoronavirinae, Family -Coronaviridae, Suborder -Cornidovirineae and Order -Nidovirales.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The outbreak of Coronavirus disease − 19 (COVID-19) is caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome – related Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) has brought the world to a standstill (Dagur & Dhakar, 2020 ). The outbreak of SARS-CoV2 had its origin in Wuhan, China (Prasad & Prasad, 2020 ). It has now spread to over 216 countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…COVID-19 outbreak is the result of transmission of the virus to humans from animals (Gorbalenya et al., 2020 ). There is neither a drug nor a vaccine available for SARS-CoV2 (Prasad & Prasad, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design of a multi-epitope-based vaccine targeting M-protein of SARS-CoV2: an immunoinformatics approach

Ayyagari

Venkateswarulu

et al. 2020

Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics

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In the present study, one of the targets present on the envelopes of coronaviruses, membrane glycoprotein (M) was chosen for the design of a multi-epitope vaccine by Immunoinformatics approach. The B-cell and T-cell epitopes used for the construction of vaccine were antigenic, nonallergic and nontoxic. An adjuvant, b-defensin and PADRE sequence were included at the N-terminal end of the vaccine. All the epitopes were joined by linkers for decreasing the junctional immunogenicity. Various physicochemical parameters of the vaccine were evaluated. Secondary and tertiary structures were predicted for the vaccine construct. The tertiary structure was further refined, and various parameters related to the refinement of the protein structure were validated by using different tools. Humoral immunity induced by B-cells relies upon the identification of antigenic determinants on the surface of the vaccine construct. In this regard, the vaccine construct was found to consist of several B-cell epitopes in its three-dimensional conformation. Molecular docking of the vaccine was carried out with TLR-3 receptor to study their binding and its strength. Further, protein-protein interactions in the docked complex were visualized using LigPlotþ. Population coverage analysis had shown that the multi-epitope vaccine covers 94.06% of the global population. The vaccine construct was successfully cloned in silico into pET-28a (þ). Immune simulation studies showed the induction of primary, secondary and tertiary immune responses marked by the increased levels of antibodies, INF-c, IL-2, TGF-b, B-cells, CD4þ and CD8þ cells. Finally, the vaccine construct was able to elicit immune response as desired.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design of a multi-epitope-based vaccine targeting M-protein of SARS-CoV2: an immunoinformatics approach

Ayyagari

Venkateswarulu

et al. 2020

Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics

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“…Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is the causal agent of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is a single-stranded RNA virus with a non-segmented genome. Like other coronaviruses, four structural proteins are present in assembled viruses: membrane protein (M), capsid protein (C), envelope protein (E), and spike glycoprotein (S) ( 1 , 2 ). The receptor-binding domain (RBD) present within the S-glycoprotein is essential for binding to host angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) which serves as a receptor for viral entry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single Virus Targeting Multiple Organs: What We Know and Where We Are Heading?

Prasad

2020

Front. Med.

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COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 has already infected more than 6. 3 million people worldwide as of 1st June 2020 and caused a global medical emergency. Healthcare professionals have been struggling to devise appropriate therapeutic strategies against the virus mainly due to the diverse range of symptoms and multiple-organ failure in infected patients. Several broad-spectrum antiviral drugs are being used for treatment; however, there is yet no specific drug or vaccine against the virus. Multiple-organ failure due to hyperactivity of the immune system resulting in cytokine storms is a major reason for death among the 5% critically ill patients. In this article, we have discussed the damage caused by COVID-19 on different organs of the human body.

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“…To note a few, flu, plague, pox, yellow fever, malaria, leprosy, tuberculosis, measles, dengue, HIV/AIDS, H1N1, SARS, Ebola, and MERS were disastrous. Among these, the present-day COVID-19 (caused by Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; SARS-CoV-2) is potentially contagious and lethal that has forced almost all the countries to practice a strict lockdown for minimizing the spread [ 69 ]. The virulence of this virus, along with the evolution of different strains, has urged the scientific community to identify vaccines, therapeutic drugs, and diagnostic methods for rapid detection, treatment, and immunization of the human population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomics approaches to synthesize plant-based biomolecules for therapeutic applications to combat SARS-CoV-2

et al. 2020

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COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is devastative to the humankind for which neither vaccines nor precise therapeutic molecules for treatment are identified. The search for new drugs and repurposing of existing drugs are being performed; however, at the same time, research on plants to identify novel therapeutic compounds or testing the existing ones is progressing at a slower phase. In this context, genomics and biotechnology offer various tools and strategies to manipulate plants for producing those complex biopharmaceutical products. This review enumerates the scope for research on plant-based molecules for their potential application in treating SARS-CoV-2 infection. Strategies to edit gene and genome, overexpression and silencing approaches, and molecular breeding for producing target biomolecules in the plant system are discussed in detail. Altogether, the present review provides a roadmap for expediting research on using plants as a novel source of active biomolecules having therapeutic applications.

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SARS-CoV-2: the emergence of a viral pathogen causing havoc on human existence

Cited by 17 publications

References 23 publications

Design of a multi-epitope-based vaccine targeting M-protein of SARS-CoV2: an immunoinformatics approach

Design of a multi-epitope-based vaccine targeting M-protein of SARS-CoV2: an immunoinformatics approach

Single Virus Targeting Multiple Organs: What We Know and Where We Are Heading?

Genomics approaches to synthesize plant-based biomolecules for therapeutic applications to combat SARS-CoV-2

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